评估康巴唑对大型蚤的慢性毒性:从生理学、生物化学、分子和生殖角度。

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI:10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110061
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引用次数: 0

摘要

氯苄唑(CBZ)的广泛使用导致其在水生环境中的存在越来越多,对淡水生态系统造成了潜在威胁。然而,有关 CBZ 对水生生物有害影响的证据仍然有限。本研究将大型蚤暴露于浓度为 0、0.2、20 和 200 μg/L 的 CBZ 中 21 天,通过评估生命史特征、生理参数、生化分析和基因表达来评估其慢性毒性。结果表明,CBZ 的暴露会推迟第一窝的天数,降低每只成虫的蜕皮频率,减少第一窝的后代数量,缩短体长,减少每只雌虫的总窝数和后代总数。此外,CBZ 还能抑制游速、滤食率和摄食率。此外,CBZ还改变了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的水平,同时增加了丙二醛(MDA)的水平。基因表达分析表明,暴露于 CBZ 后,与代谢解毒(cyp360a8、gst 和 p-gp)、消化酶(α-淀粉酶、α-酯酶和胰蛋白酶)、能量(ak)、氧运输(dhb)和生殖(nvd、cyp314、ecr、vtg 和 jhe)有关的 mRNA 水平会出现不同的反应。这些结果表明,CBZ 在水生环境中的存在可通过改变能量获取、供应和代谢;损害代谢解毒途径;引起氧化应激;以及导致大型蚤的生殖毒性来诱发毒性。
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Assessing the chronic toxicity of climbazole to Daphnia magna: Physiological, biochemical, molecular, and reproductive perspectives
The widespread use of climbazole (CBZ) has led to its increased presence in aquatic environments, potentially threatening freshwater ecosystems. However, evidence regarding the harmful effects of CBZ on aquatic organisms remains limited. In this study, Daphnia magna was exposed to CBZ at concentrations of 0, 0.2, 20, and 200 μg/L for 21 days to evaluate its chronic toxicity through assessment of life-history traits, physiological parameters, biochemical analyses, and gene expression. The results indicated that CBZ exposure delayed the days to the first brood, reduced the frequency of molting per adult, decreased the offspring number at first brood, diminished the body length, and decreased both the total number of broods per female and the total number of offspring per female. Additionally, CBZ inhibited the swimming speed, filtration rate, and ingestion rate. Moreover, CBZ altered the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Gene expression analysis revealed varied responses in mRNA levels related to metabolic detoxification (cyp360a8, gst, and p-gp), digestive enzymes (α-amylase, α-esterase, and trypsin), energy (ak), oxygen transport (dhb), and reproduction (nvd, cyp314, ecr, vtg, and jhe) following CBZ exposure. These results indicate that the presence of CBZ in aquatic environments can induce toxicity by altering energy acquisition, supply, and metabolism; impairing metabolic detoxification pathways; eliciting oxidative stress; and causing reproductive toxicity in D. magna.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
5.10%
发文量
206
审稿时长
30 days
期刊介绍: Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology. This journal is concerned with chemical and drug action at different levels of organization, biotransformation of xenobiotics, mechanisms of toxicity, including reactive oxygen species and carcinogenesis, endocrine disruptors, natural products chemistry, and signal transduction with a molecular approach to these fields.
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