Etiological spectrum of pancytopenia in adults based on hematological parameters and bone marrow studies.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the demographic, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of adult pancytopenia while exploring its etiological spectrum through hematological parameters and bone marrow studies.

Research design and methods: This observational study involved 117 adult individuals ranging from 13 to 85 years who presented with pancytopenia. A comprehensive examination of demographic features, hematological parameters, clinical presentations, and physical findings, including liver and spleen characteristics, was conducted. Additionally, serological analyses for HBsAg and Anti HCV were performed. The diagnostic spectrum was determined through bone marrow studies.

Results: Pancytopenia manifested with varied clinical symptoms, with generalized weakness (72.65%), fever (64.1%), dyspnea (54.70%), bleeding (34.2%), and weight loss (25.6%) being prominent. Physical examination revealed a range of liver and spleen characteristics, with hepatomegaly observed in 32.48% and splenomegaly in 44.4% of cases. Serological findings indicated HBsAg positivity in 8.5% and Anti HCV positivity in 21.37% of cases. The diagnostic distribution encompassed diverse conditions, with aplastic anemia (17.1%), megaloblastic anemia (12.8%), and myelodysplastic syndromes (12.8%) being prevalent.

Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the demographic, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of pancytopenia. The observed prevalence of different diagnoses underscores the necessity of a thorough evaluation, including bone marrow studies, for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.