Effect of Electrode Positioning on Electrokinetic Remediation of Contaminated Soft Clay with Surface Electrolyte.

Soft clay contamination is an increasingly global issue with significant implications for land development and human health. Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) has demonstrated significant potential for cleaning contaminated soils. It is crucial to develop efficient processes that minimize environmental impact and reduce costs. A series of citric acid (CA)-enhanced EKR tests were conducted using a novel experimental setup, with the electrolyte positioned above the soil surface, to examine the impact of four different electrode arrangements on the effectiveness of EKR. The position of the electrode end had a significant impact on the migration of ions in the anolyte and catholyte, which in turn affected the volume reduction in the anolyte, the magnitude of the current, and the migration of heavy metals. The electrode arrangement mode c (electrodes suspended in the electrolytes) can enhance the migration of the anolyte and reduce the drainage of the soil, making it an effective measure for improving the removal rate of heavy metals. After the heavy metal remediation is complete, the bearing capacity of the soil should be increased. Changing the electrode arrangement to mode d (anode suspended in the anolyte, a very small part of the cathode inserted into the soil) is an effective measure for reducing the soil water content and improving soil strength.