[Critical alterations in the brain and psyche].

Critical alterations in the brain and psyche are often triggered by critical points and feedback effects in closely networked systems. Such crises can occur in the form of neurological disorders, such as epilepsy or mental disorders, such as bipolar disorder and depression. A central mechanism is the excitation-inhibition (EI) balance in the brain, which is responsible for an optimal processing of information. Disruptions in this balance can lead to pathological conditions. The concept of attractors, which represent the stable conditions in neuronal networks, helps to explain the consolidation of memories, behavioral patterns and mental states. These attractor states can be triggered by external stimuli and may become anchored in pathological contexts. Advances in measurement technologies and methods of artificial intelligence enable a deeper analysis of neuronal dynamics and open up new pathways for targeted therapeutic interventions for the treatment of mental disorders.