饮用水中六价铬暴露 90 天后,铬在大鼠海马中选择性累积,并诱发年龄和性别依赖性金属失衡。

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Toxics Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI:10.3390/toxics12100722
Samuel T Vielee, William J Buchanan, Spencer H Roof, Rehan Kahloon, Elizabeth Evans, Jessica Isibor, Maitri Patel, Idoia Meaza, Haiyan Lu, Aggie R Williams, J Calvin Kouokam, Sandra S Wise, Luping Guo, Rachel M Wise, Jamie L Wise, Lu Cai, Jun Cai, John P Wise
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引用次数: 0

摘要

六价铬(Cr[VI])是一种广泛存在于空气和水中的环境污染物,主要归因于工业污染。目前,世界卫生组织和美国环境保护署根据接触性皮炎制定了饮用水的最高污染物含量(MCLs)(分别为 0.05 和 0.1 mg/L),因此有必要进行进一步的毒理学研究。虽然六价铬具有神经毒性并会在大脑中蓄积,但大多数动物研究仅报告了全脑铬,因此存在很大的知识空白。很少有研究考虑到年龄或性别差异,更少的研究考虑到基本金属失衡。我们试图在考虑性别和年龄差异的情况下,研究在饮用水暴露于目前的 MCL 标准 90 天后,铬在大脑中的累积情况。在此,我们报告了暴露于饮用水中六价铬的大鼠六个脑区的铬含量。我们观察到,铬只在海马中积累,而且只在年长的雌性大鼠中积累。我们进一步评估了海马中必需金属的变化,观察到不同性别大鼠以及年轻大鼠与年长大鼠之间存在相反的影响。总之,我们的数据表明,饮用水中的六(Cr)会选择性地作用于海马,老年雌性大鼠体内积累的六价铬最多,即使在没有明显六价铬积累的组织中,也会诱导重要金属失衡。
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Chromium Selectively Accumulates in the Rat Hippocampus after 90 Days of Exposure to Cr(VI) in Drinking Water and Induces Age- and Sex-Dependent Metal Dyshomeostasis.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) is a widespread environmental pollutant in air and water that is primarily attributed to industrial pollution. The current maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for drinking water from the World Health Organization and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (0.05 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively) were set based on contact dermatitis and warrant further toxicological investigation. While Cr(VI) is neurotoxic and accumulates in the brain, most animal studies only report whole-brain Cr, leaving large knowledge gaps. Few studies consider differences between ages or sexes, and fewer consider essential metal dyshomeostasis. We sought to investigate where Cr accumulates in the brain, considering sex and age differences, following a 90-day drinking water exposure to current MCLs. Here, we report Cr levels in six brain regions of rats exposed to drinking water Cr(VI). We observed Cr only accumulated in the hippocampus, and only in older females. We further assessed changes to essential metals in the hippocampus, observing opposite effects across sexes and between young rats compared to older rats. In sum, our data indicate drinking water Cr(VI) selectively targeted the hippocampus, with geriatric females accumulating the most Cr, and induced significant essential metal dyshomeostasis even in tissues lacking evident Cr accumulation.

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来源期刊
Toxics
Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
10.90%
发文量
681
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering: The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil); Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products; Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans; Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment; Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.
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