Cuproptosis nanomedicine in cancer therapy: Novel insights and future perspectives

Cuproptosis, a new type of copper-triggered programmed cell death, has recently emerged as a promising target for cancer treatment. The nanomedicine-based targeting of cuproptosis has experienced significant advancements, attracting enormous interest and opening new avenues for developing novel therapeutics. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the biology of copper, its critical roles in cancer biology, and the molecular mechanisms underlying cuproptosis. We also offer insight into recent progress in nanomedicine-triggered cuproptosis, a potent and proof-of-concept application in innovative therapeutic strategies. Finally, we highlight future perspectives and challenges, including the clinical translation of cancer nanomedicine and new cuproptosis-mediated emerging paradigms.