Carbon dots: a promising path towards environmental sustainability

Carbon dots (CDs) have received a lot of interest in recent years because of their unique features and wide range of uses, especially in environmental research. Several reviews have already addressed different aspects of CDs, including production, optical characteristics, and applications in bioimaging and drug administration. However, there is a significant void in the research regarding CDs' full environmental potential, particularly in addressing environmental deterioration through monitoring and rehabilitation. This article separates itself by concentrating on the significance of co-formed molecules in modifying CD properties, as well as the importance of purifying methods for optimal environmental performance. Previous assessments have typically neglected how co-formed compounds during synthesis can have a significant impact on CD surface chemistry, solubility, and photoluminescence properties. This perspective delves into how tailoring the synthesis and purification of CDs can optimize them for environmental applications. The article then looks into the promising future of CDs for environmental monitoring and remediation. Their distinguishing characteristics make them appropriate for sensing applications such as fluorescence-based detection, colorimetric sensing, and electrochemical sensing. Furthermore, CDs have the potential to accelerate the breakdown of organic pollutants, hence increasing the effectiveness of environmental restoration efforts. Their vast surface area and variable surface chemistry enable the effective sorptive removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from water. Integrating CDs with membrane filtration systems improves pollutant removal efficiency. Then, we investigated the mechanisms behind the antibacterial properties of CDs. By extensively studying these issues, this paper intends to demonstrate the revolutionary potential of CDs in building a more ecologically friendly and sustainable future.