{"title":"丛枝菌根真菌和间作薇甘菊对核桃的植物生物量、土壤特性和根圈代谢物特征具有中介作用","authors":"Ying-Ning Zou, Xiao-Qing Liu, Wan-Xia He, Xiao-Hong Xu, Yong-Jie Xu, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah, Qiang-Sheng Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00685-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intercropping is a prevalent soil management strategy within orchards, whereas it is unclear how inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and intercropping affect tree growth, soil properties, and rhizosphere metabolite profiles. This study investigated the effects of inoculation with <i>Diversispora spurca</i> and intercropping with hairy vetch (<i>Vicia villosa</i>) on biomass production, soil available nutrients, water-stable aggregate (WSA) distribution, phosphatase activity, and secondary metabolite profiles in walnuts (<i>Juglans regia</i>). The intercropping only elevated soil nitrate N levels and WSA distribution at the 0.5–2 mm size, and also triggered 2159 differential metabolites (1378 up-regulated and 781 down-regulated), with armillaramide as the most prominently up-regulated metabolite, followed by the substance diminished upon <i>D</i>. <i>spurca</i> inoculation. Conversely, <i>D</i>. <i>spurca</i> inoculation increased walnut biomass, WSA distribution across the 0.25 − 2 mm size, and acid and neutral phosphatase activities, as well as triggered 2489 differential metabolites (897 up-regulated and 1592 down-regulated), with pteroside D being highest up-regulated differential metabolite, allowing a competitive advantage to AM plants in combating soil pathogens. Despite significantly suppressing root AM fungal colonization and biomass production in AM walnuts, intercropping significantly increased soil ammonium and nitrate N levels in AM walnuts as well as WSAs at the 1–4 mm size, exhibiting a synergistic effect. Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and pyruvate metabolism were simultaneously involved following AM inoculation or intercropping. Co-application of AM inoculation and intercropping triggered 1006 differential metabolites, with urocanic acid being the most up-regulated metabolite, although it decreased following AM inoculation, suggesting the involvement of mycorrhizal hyphae in soil histidine uptake. Under intercropping, AM inoculation elicited 418 differential metabolites, with the most up-regulated metabolite being implicated in flavonoid pathways. AM inoculation primarily triggered the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, regardless of intercropping or not, implying a potential increase in unsaturated fatty acid contents of walnut kernels. It concluded that AM inoculation and intercropping interactively affected walnut growth, soil attributes, and soil microenvironment.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00685-8","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and intercropping Vicia villosa mediate plant biomass, soil properties, and rhizosphere metabolite profiles of walnuts\",\"authors\":\"Ying-Ning Zou, Xiao-Qing Liu, Wan-Xia He, Xiao-Hong Xu, Yong-Jie Xu, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah, Qiang-Sheng Wu\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40538-024-00685-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Intercropping is a prevalent soil management strategy within orchards, whereas it is unclear how inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and intercropping affect tree growth, soil properties, and rhizosphere metabolite profiles. 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Conversely, <i>D</i>. <i>spurca</i> inoculation increased walnut biomass, WSA distribution across the 0.25 − 2 mm size, and acid and neutral phosphatase activities, as well as triggered 2489 differential metabolites (897 up-regulated and 1592 down-regulated), with pteroside D being highest up-regulated differential metabolite, allowing a competitive advantage to AM plants in combating soil pathogens. Despite significantly suppressing root AM fungal colonization and biomass production in AM walnuts, intercropping significantly increased soil ammonium and nitrate N levels in AM walnuts as well as WSAs at the 1–4 mm size, exhibiting a synergistic effect. Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and pyruvate metabolism were simultaneously involved following AM inoculation or intercropping. Co-application of AM inoculation and intercropping triggered 1006 differential metabolites, with urocanic acid being the most up-regulated metabolite, although it decreased following AM inoculation, suggesting the involvement of mycorrhizal hyphae in soil histidine uptake. Under intercropping, AM inoculation elicited 418 differential metabolites, with the most up-regulated metabolite being implicated in flavonoid pathways. AM inoculation primarily triggered the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, regardless of intercropping or not, implying a potential increase in unsaturated fatty acid contents of walnut kernels. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
间作是果园普遍采用的一种土壤管理策略，但接种丛枝菌根（AM）真菌和间作如何影响果树生长、土壤特性和根圈代谢物谱还不清楚。本研究调查了接种 Diversispora spurca 和间作套种毛茸茸的 vetch（Vicia villosa）对核桃（Juglans regia）的生物量生产、土壤可用养分、水稳聚集体（WSA）分布、磷酸酶活性和次生代谢物特征的影响。间作只提高了土壤硝态氮水平和 0.5-2 毫米大小的水稳聚集体分布，还引发了 2159 种不同的代谢物（1378 种上调，781 种下调），其中臂酰胺是上调最显著的代谢物，其次是接种刺五加后减少的物质。相反，接种刺五加后，核桃生物量、0.25 - 2 毫米大小的 WSA 分布、酸性和中性磷酸酶活性均有所增加，并引发了 2489 个差异代谢物（897 个上调，1592 个下调），其中蝶苷 D 是上调幅度最大的差异代谢物，从而使 AM 植物在对抗土壤病原体方面具有竞争优势。尽管间作显著抑制了 AM 核桃根部 AM 真菌的定殖和生物量的产生，但间作显著提高了 AM 核桃以及 1-4 毫米大小 WSA 的土壤铵和硝酸态氮水平，表现出协同效应。AM接种或间作后，黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成和丙酮酸代谢同时参与其中。AM接种和间作的共同应用引发了1006种不同的代谢物，其中尿烷酸是上调最多的代谢物，但在AM接种后尿烷酸减少，这表明菌根菌丝参与了土壤组氨酸的吸收。在间作条件下，AM 接种引起了 418 种不同的代谢物，其中上调最多的代谢物与类黄酮途径有关。无论是否间作，AM 接种主要引发不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成，这意味着核桃仁中不饱和脂肪酸的含量可能增加。结论是，AM 接种和间作对核桃的生长、土壤属性和土壤微环境有交互影响。 图文摘要
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and intercropping Vicia villosa mediate plant biomass, soil properties, and rhizosphere metabolite profiles of walnuts
Intercropping is a prevalent soil management strategy within orchards, whereas it is unclear how inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and intercropping affect tree growth, soil properties, and rhizosphere metabolite profiles. This study investigated the effects of inoculation with Diversispora spurca and intercropping with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) on biomass production, soil available nutrients, water-stable aggregate (WSA) distribution, phosphatase activity, and secondary metabolite profiles in walnuts (Juglans regia). The intercropping only elevated soil nitrate N levels and WSA distribution at the 0.5–2 mm size, and also triggered 2159 differential metabolites (1378 up-regulated and 781 down-regulated), with armillaramide as the most prominently up-regulated metabolite, followed by the substance diminished upon D. spurca inoculation. Conversely, D. spurca inoculation increased walnut biomass, WSA distribution across the 0.25 − 2 mm size, and acid and neutral phosphatase activities, as well as triggered 2489 differential metabolites (897 up-regulated and 1592 down-regulated), with pteroside D being highest up-regulated differential metabolite, allowing a competitive advantage to AM plants in combating soil pathogens. Despite significantly suppressing root AM fungal colonization and biomass production in AM walnuts, intercropping significantly increased soil ammonium and nitrate N levels in AM walnuts as well as WSAs at the 1–4 mm size, exhibiting a synergistic effect. Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and pyruvate metabolism were simultaneously involved following AM inoculation or intercropping. Co-application of AM inoculation and intercropping triggered 1006 differential metabolites, with urocanic acid being the most up-regulated metabolite, although it decreased following AM inoculation, suggesting the involvement of mycorrhizal hyphae in soil histidine uptake. Under intercropping, AM inoculation elicited 418 differential metabolites, with the most up-regulated metabolite being implicated in flavonoid pathways. AM inoculation primarily triggered the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, regardless of intercropping or not, implying a potential increase in unsaturated fatty acid contents of walnut kernels. It concluded that AM inoculation and intercropping interactively affected walnut growth, soil attributes, and soil microenvironment.
期刊介绍：
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture.
This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population.
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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