How Does the Tibetan Plateau Land Thermal Initial Condition Influence the Subseasonal Prediction of 2020 Record-Breaking Mei-Yu Rainfall

Accurate subseasonal prediction of heavy rainfall is helpful for disaster mitigation but challenging. The land thermal condition of Tibetan Plateau (TP), usually with climate memory ranging from weeks to seasons, has been seen as a potential predictability source for subseasonal prediction. Aiming at 2020 record-breaking Mei-yu rainfall, this study attempts to investigate whether and how the influence of initial TP surface thermal condition near late June influences the July rainfall prediction over the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Region (MLYR), based on two contrasting prediction experiments using a global climate ensemble prediction system. The results show that the most distinguishable change in the downstream prediction in July is the anomalous low-tropospheric cyclone and the associated increased rainfall over MLYR corresponding to the warmer initial condition of surface TP. Influenced by the invasion of the positive potential vorticity (PV) center that generated over TP and propagated eastward, this low-level cyclone anomaly over MLYR is formed within the first week of prediction, and persists for the next 3 weeks maintained by the positive feedback between the low-level cyclone and middle-tropospheric latent heating over MLYR in the prediction. This study confirmed the significant effect of TP initial thermal condition on downstream prediction ahead of 3 weeks during the Mei-yu season (peak summer) with strong land–atmosphere coupling over TP.