Systematic review and future perspectives on cascading failures in Internet of Things: Modeling and optimization

Under the influence of cascading failures, the failure of a small number of nodes or components may lead to the paralysis of the entire network system. Cascading failures have become one of the major bottlenecks constraining the long-term reliable operation of Internet of Things (IoT) systems, thus attracting extensive attention from researchers. To better understand the complex mechanisms of IoT cascading failures, diverse models and methods have been proposed. This paper systematically reviews the current research status of cascading failures in IoT, covering various aspects such as network objects, performance metrics, failure states, modeling methods, and network optimization. Additionally, we discuss the limitations in current research on cascading failures in IoT and point out the future research directions.