Catalytic pyrolysis of Padina sp. with ZSM-5 and Amberlyst-15 catalysts to produce aromatic-rich bio-oil

The growing demand for renewable energy has increased interest in bio-oil production from biomass, particularly through catalytic co-pyrolysis. However, research on marine biomass like Padina sp. is limited. This study investigates the catalytic co-pyrolysis of Padina sp. using ZSM-5 and Amberlyst-15 catalysts to enhance aromatic-rich bio-oil production. Systematic experiments were conducted with varying catalyst loadings (1 %, 2 %, and 3 %) and temperatures (400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C). GC/MS analysis revealed that Amberlyst-15 at 600 °C and 3 % loading achieved a 65 % aromatic hydrocarbon yield, surpassing ZSM-5, which reached 50 %. Additionally, the highest conversion efficiency, 50 %, was attained with Amberlyst-15 at 500 °C and 3 % loading. These findings highlight the viability of Padina sp. as a renewable biofuel source and emphasize the importance of catalyst selection and process optimization in refining bio-oil production techniques, suggesting that further improvements in catalyst compositions and parameters could advance sustainable bio-oil production for renewable energy.