Novel comprehensive unified classification system toward smart standardized built environment knowledge and low-risk international collaborations: UniCCC

The Construction Industry (CI) data is acknowledged to still be unstructured and high-dimensional. Efforts were undertaken to tackle this problem using regional Unified Classification Systems (UCSs). The study emphasizes the necessity for a comprehensive international UCS to manage the growing trend of international collaborations within the CI and associated data risks. Existing UCSs exhibit significant inconsistencies, such as regional omissions, terminological disparities, and diverse data structuring, underscoring the need for a unified approach. Accordingly, using a 3-stage mixed method, the novel UCS ‘Unified Classification of Construction Components_ UniCCC’ was developed, comprising 4 phyla, 9 divisions, and 54 classes, and was shown to have good adaptability/scalability, structure/breakdown, clarity, codifiability, and inclusivity of the 11 key CI aspects. By addressing inconsistencies and smartly structuring CI knowledge from North America, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, using a faceted classification scheme aligned with ISO 12,006, and being developed using a conventional modeling language, UniCCC represents a significant advancement in UCSs, with promising implications for global CI practices and research, paving the way for new avenues in CI performance, innovation, and sustainability. It demonstrated efficiency in various CI aspects, including risk reduction, automation, and sustainability enhancement. As evidence of its performance, using UniCCC for scheduling might decrease up to 58.17%, 66.85%, and 31.74% of the related time, request for information, and omissions, respectively. The study suggests future research perspectives to explore UniCCC's applicability in different regions, its integration with emerging technologies, its proficiency metrics for different purposes, and strategies for organizational implementation.