Physicochemical investigations on molecular interactions of adenine with aqueous D-glucose/D-maltose solvent media at varying temperatures and compositions

Adenine derivatives are used in pharmaceuticals, and carbohydrates like D-maltose and D-glucose which are often used as excipients or stabilizers in drug formulations. Studying their interactions can help in optimizing drug formulations for stability and effectiveness. Further, understanding their interactions, provide insights into flavor development, food stability, and potential applications in food technology. In this regard, we have analysed the physicochemical properties of adenine in aqueous saccharide solvent media which can contribute to various fields, including biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, catalysis, and material science, with use for both basic research and practical applications. So, in this research work, physicochemical properties of adenine have been investigated in aqueous and mixed aqueous (0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) mol kg⁻¹ D-glucose/D-maltose solvent media at discrete temperatures (293.15–313.15) K and experimental pressure (0.1 MPa). The experimentally determined physical properties such as density, velocity of sound, and viscosity have been utilized for the estimation of several parameters such as apparent molar volume (V_ϕ), limiting apparent molar volume (V⁰_ϕ), hydration number (n_H), limiting apparent molar expansivity (E⁰_ϕ), Hepler’s constant (∂E⁰_ϕ/∂T)_P, apparent molar isentropic compression (K_ϕ,s), limiting apparent molar isentropic compression (K⁰_ϕ,s), viscosity B-coefficients, transfer parameters and thermodynamic parameters of viscous flow (Δμ⁰₁, Δμ⁰₂, TΔS⁰₂ and ΔH⁰₂). Further, the Co-sphere overlap model has been employed for the analysis of varied probable interactions operating in the prepared systems. The obtained results signify that in all solution systems, the solute–solvent interactions are advancing with rising temperature and concentrations of saccharides. Also, the structure breaking tendency of adenine has been investigated via inference of Hepler’s constant data and positive values of dB/dT data for all the investigated systems. Moreover, the deduced apparent specific volume data evidently specify that adenine has sweet taste in water and different concentrations of chosen saccharides.