Novel materials for sorptive extraction techniques for the analysis of environmental water samples

Developing new materials for improving the sample preparation step in analytical procedures is one of the most important research lines in analytical chemistry in order to improve the sensitivity or selectivity in this step. The sorptive extraction techniques most commonly used are solid-phase extraction (SPE), magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE), dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) or stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). The most important materials can be grouped into polymer-based, silica-based, carbon-based, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). These materials can also be combined.

In this review, we present an overview of the most relevant in-house materials used in sorptive extraction techniques that have been reported for extracting contaminants from water samples since 2018. The most important properties that characterize each type of material and how they are exploited to extract the analytes are also presented. In addition, we discuss several examples of applications of these materials and the extraction procedures and highlight the most relevant aspects.