Yongwei Gao , Bo Zu , Xinfu Zhao , Qinglin Sui , Lejun Zhang , Reimar Seltmann , Kai Weng , Bo Chen , Wenlei Song , Xie Xie , Tao Zhu
{"title":"中国天山西部凯特巴苏金矿床的成因:黄铁矿微量元素、硫同位素和石英 H-O 同位素的制约因素","authors":"Yongwei Gao , Bo Zu , Xinfu Zhao , Qinglin Sui , Lejun Zhang , Reimar Seltmann , Kai Weng , Bo Chen , Wenlei Song , Xie Xie , Tao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106299","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Kateba’asu gold deposit, situated in the Western Tianshan of China, is one of the most significant discoveries in the world-class Tianshan gold belt. The deposit features two distinct mineralization styles. The early, subordinate skarn-type copper–gold mineralization occurs in the contact zone between monzogranite, diorite, and Silurian limestone, composed of garnet, diopside, epidote, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and gold. The later, primary lode-gold mineralization is hosted in the altered monzogranite characterized by pervasive quartz-pyrite-sericite-chlorite-K-feldspar alteration and a well-develped veining systems.</div><div>Pyrite is the dominant sulfide mineral related to gold mineralization in the Kateba’asu gold deposit, with four types identified: Py0 from the early skarn copper–gold mineralization, and Py1 to Py3 from the later lode-gold mineralization. All types of pyrite are homogeneous and contain very low levels of lattice-bound gold. Py0 is euhedral and fine-grained, with relatively high Cu, Au, Co, and Ni contents, and displays a magmatic sulfur isotopic signature with δ<sup>34</sup>S ranging from 0.8 to 4.3 ‰. Py1 occurs as euhedral to subhedral, coarse-grained crystals within pyrite-quartz veins with higher concentrations of Co and Ni. Py2, which develops in the quartz-pyrite veins, is medium to coarse-grained and contains elevated levels of As, Cu, Zn, and Bi relative to Py1. Py3, found in polymetallic sulfide veins of the main lode-gold stage, is anhedral and medium to fine-grained with higher contents of As, Ag, Cu, Zn, Se, Te and lowest Co and Ni concentrations compared to Py1 and Py2. The positive correlations between Au-Te, Au-Bi, Au-Cu, and Pb-Bi across all pyrite types, along with the presence of visible gold in Py3, indicate that most gold occurs as micro-/nano-sized inclusions and as fissure gold. The δ<sup>34</sup>S values of Py1, Py2, and Py3 (7.6 to 11.8 ‰, 10.1 to 12.6 ‰, and 9.8 to 12.4 ‰, respectively) were attributed to an initial magmatic source and mixed with external sulfur subsequently from the wall rocks. The H and O isotopic compositions (δD<sub>H2O</sub> = −84.1 to −93.5 ‰; δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>H2O</sub> = 1.8 to 6.6 ‰) of quartz from the lode-gold mineralization imply that ore-forming fluids were predominantly of magmatic origin, with a additional contribution from meteoric water. Taken together, a two-episode mineralization model was proposed for the formation of the Kateba’asu gold deposit. The early skarn mineralization stage is associated with the emplacement of diorite during the Early Carboniferous. In contrast, the subsequent lode-gold mineralization, occurring between the Late Carboniferous and Permian periods, represents a overprinted magmatic-hydrothermal gold system potentially linked to a deep-seated magmatic intrusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19644,"journal":{"name":"Ore Geology Reviews","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Genesis of the Kateba’asu gold deposit, Western Tianshan, China: Constraints from pyrite trace element, sulfur isotope, and quartz H-O isotopes\",\"authors\":\"Yongwei Gao , Bo Zu , Xinfu Zhao , Qinglin Sui , Lejun Zhang , Reimar Seltmann , Kai Weng , Bo Chen , Wenlei Song , Xie Xie , Tao Zhu\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106299\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>The Kateba’asu gold deposit, situated in the Western Tianshan of China, is one of the most significant discoveries in the world-class Tianshan gold belt. The deposit features two distinct mineralization styles. The early, subordinate skarn-type copper–gold mineralization occurs in the contact zone between monzogranite, diorite, and Silurian limestone, composed of garnet, diopside, epidote, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and gold. The later, primary lode-gold mineralization is hosted in the altered monzogranite characterized by pervasive quartz-pyrite-sericite-chlorite-K-feldspar alteration and a well-develped veining systems.</div><div>Pyrite is the dominant sulfide mineral related to gold mineralization in the Kateba’asu gold deposit, with four types identified: Py0 from the early skarn copper–gold mineralization, and Py1 to Py3 from the later lode-gold mineralization. All types of pyrite are homogeneous and contain very low levels of lattice-bound gold. Py0 is euhedral and fine-grained, with relatively high Cu, Au, Co, and Ni contents, and displays a magmatic sulfur isotopic signature with δ<sup>34</sup>S ranging from 0.8 to 4.3 ‰. Py1 occurs as euhedral to subhedral, coarse-grained crystals within pyrite-quartz veins with higher concentrations of Co and Ni. Py2, which develops in the quartz-pyrite veins, is medium to coarse-grained and contains elevated levels of As, Cu, Zn, and Bi relative to Py1. Py3, found in polymetallic sulfide veins of the main lode-gold stage, is anhedral and medium to fine-grained with higher contents of As, Ag, Cu, Zn, Se, Te and lowest Co and Ni concentrations compared to Py1 and Py2. The positive correlations between Au-Te, Au-Bi, Au-Cu, and Pb-Bi across all pyrite types, along with the presence of visible gold in Py3, indicate that most gold occurs as micro-/nano-sized inclusions and as fissure gold. The δ<sup>34</sup>S values of Py1, Py2, and Py3 (7.6 to 11.8 ‰, 10.1 to 12.6 ‰, and 9.8 to 12.4 ‰, respectively) were attributed to an initial magmatic source and mixed with external sulfur subsequently from the wall rocks. The H and O isotopic compositions (δD<sub>H2O</sub> = −84.1 to −93.5 ‰; δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>H2O</sub> = 1.8 to 6.6 ‰) of quartz from the lode-gold mineralization imply that ore-forming fluids were predominantly of magmatic origin, with a additional contribution from meteoric water. Taken together, a two-episode mineralization model was proposed for the formation of the Kateba’asu gold deposit. The early skarn mineralization stage is associated with the emplacement of diorite during the Early Carboniferous. In contrast, the subsequent lode-gold mineralization, occurring between the Late Carboniferous and Permian periods, represents a overprinted magmatic-hydrothermal gold system potentially linked to a deep-seated magmatic intrusion.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19644,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ore Geology Reviews\",\"volume\":\"174 \",\"pages\":\"Article 106299\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ore Geology Reviews\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824004323\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"GEOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ore Geology Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136824004323","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GEOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Genesis of the Kateba’asu gold deposit, Western Tianshan, China: Constraints from pyrite trace element, sulfur isotope, and quartz H-O isotopes
The Kateba’asu gold deposit, situated in the Western Tianshan of China, is one of the most significant discoveries in the world-class Tianshan gold belt. The deposit features two distinct mineralization styles. The early, subordinate skarn-type copper–gold mineralization occurs in the contact zone between monzogranite, diorite, and Silurian limestone, composed of garnet, diopside, epidote, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and gold. The later, primary lode-gold mineralization is hosted in the altered monzogranite characterized by pervasive quartz-pyrite-sericite-chlorite-K-feldspar alteration and a well-develped veining systems.
Pyrite is the dominant sulfide mineral related to gold mineralization in the Kateba’asu gold deposit, with four types identified: Py0 from the early skarn copper–gold mineralization, and Py1 to Py3 from the later lode-gold mineralization. All types of pyrite are homogeneous and contain very low levels of lattice-bound gold. Py0 is euhedral and fine-grained, with relatively high Cu, Au, Co, and Ni contents, and displays a magmatic sulfur isotopic signature with δ34S ranging from 0.8 to 4.3 ‰. Py1 occurs as euhedral to subhedral, coarse-grained crystals within pyrite-quartz veins with higher concentrations of Co and Ni. Py2, which develops in the quartz-pyrite veins, is medium to coarse-grained and contains elevated levels of As, Cu, Zn, and Bi relative to Py1. Py3, found in polymetallic sulfide veins of the main lode-gold stage, is anhedral and medium to fine-grained with higher contents of As, Ag, Cu, Zn, Se, Te and lowest Co and Ni concentrations compared to Py1 and Py2. The positive correlations between Au-Te, Au-Bi, Au-Cu, and Pb-Bi across all pyrite types, along with the presence of visible gold in Py3, indicate that most gold occurs as micro-/nano-sized inclusions and as fissure gold. The δ34S values of Py1, Py2, and Py3 (7.6 to 11.8 ‰, 10.1 to 12.6 ‰, and 9.8 to 12.4 ‰, respectively) were attributed to an initial magmatic source and mixed with external sulfur subsequently from the wall rocks. The H and O isotopic compositions (δDH2O = −84.1 to −93.5 ‰; δ18OH2O = 1.8 to 6.6 ‰) of quartz from the lode-gold mineralization imply that ore-forming fluids were predominantly of magmatic origin, with a additional contribution from meteoric water. Taken together, a two-episode mineralization model was proposed for the formation of the Kateba’asu gold deposit. The early skarn mineralization stage is associated with the emplacement of diorite during the Early Carboniferous. In contrast, the subsequent lode-gold mineralization, occurring between the Late Carboniferous and Permian periods, represents a overprinted magmatic-hydrothermal gold system potentially linked to a deep-seated magmatic intrusion.
期刊介绍:
Ore Geology Reviews aims to familiarize all earth scientists with recent advances in a number of interconnected disciplines related to the study of, and search for, ore deposits. The reviews range from brief to longer contributions, but the journal preferentially publishes manuscripts that fill the niche between the commonly shorter journal articles and the comprehensive book coverages, and thus has a special appeal to many authors and readers.