Characterization of low-temperature creep and stress relaxation of an iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) using in-situ synchrotron diffraction

Iron-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMAs) are e-merging materials with extensive application in civil structures owing to their unique properties, including the shape memory effect. However, it is crucial to understand the time dependent behavior of Fe-SMAs for their effective application as pre-stressing element. In particular, behavior at individual stress, the underlying mechanism, and the transformation kinetics have not been investigated yet. To address these important fundamental research gaps, in-situ compression creep and stress relaxation experiments with high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) of a Fe-17Mn-5Si-10Cr-4Ni-1(V,C) Fe-SMAs were conducted. The time-dependent behavior of the Fe-SMA was investigated at different stress levels with respect to the yield strength (YS) at room temperature. The experimental result showed that the material exhibits a creep strain of up to 1.84 % and 56 MPa relaxed stress at test stress of 769 MPa (1.6 σ_YS) within one hour of holding. Stacking fault probability and phase volume fraction quantification provide an understanding of the mechanisms based on different stress levels. The transformation kinetics traced from the characteristics of HEXRD peaks offer further insights on creep depending on the contribution of {hkl} families. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the existing models for predicting creep and stress relaxation of Fe-SMA.