Dynamic characteristics and conversion process of solitons in a Mamyshev oscillator

The Mamyshev oscillator (MO) can produce not only a single pulse (SP) but also multi-pulses (MPs). However, most of the research focuses on increasing the output pulse energy and reducing the pulse width, and only some studies reveal the characteristics of MPs output. More research is needed on achieving the conversion from MPs to SP by adjusting the oscillator parameters and determining what intermediate states will be experienced in the conversion process. Here, we study the dynamic characteristics of soliton and the conversion process between different output states of ultrafast MO. By adjusting the gain saturation energy and filter interval, we obtain the relationship between the number of MPs outputs and the oscillator parameters and observe the intermediate process from MPs pulsation to SP. The research results reveal the dynamic characteristics of non-equilibrium optical solitons, assisting in optimizing MO design.