{"title":"通过聚焦轨道角动量进行非接触式多通道太赫兹折射率检测","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108638","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Terahertz refractive index (RI) sensor is an important tool for characterization of material properties. However, traditional immersion RI sensors suffer from issues of liquid contamination and low detection efficiency. Therefore, this study designs a non-contact multi-channel terahertz RI sensor based on metasurface which can produce vortex beam with focused orbital angular momentum (FOAM). Computing Spatially Weighted Variance (SWV) of the contours and intensities of the images resulting from different RI demonstrates that the RI value correlates uniquely with the weighted variance. Specifically, in the near-field metasurface (NF metasurface), by employing 3-bit phase binary (PB) encoding and convolution operations on vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) metasurfaces, we realized a high-purity FOAM with a focal length of <em>f</em> = 3500 μm. After fixing the sample under test at <em>f</em> = 3500 μm and analyzing the near-field FOAM amplitude images under various RI conditions using the SWV method, the RI detection sensitivity of the NF metasurface was calculated to be 15,775/RIU. To enhance detection efficiency and meet the requirements for far-field detection, we proposed a sensor capable of detecting multiple samples in the far-field. In the far-field metasurface (FF metasurface), when linearly polarized light is incident on this metasurface, the sensitivity of the FOAM to RI detection produced by this metasurface under the left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) components are 10,554/RIU and 13,292/RIU, respectively. The minimum change of the RI that can be detected by the near-field and far field sensors reaches 10<sup>−4</sup> RIU. When VO<sub>2</sub> transitions to its dielectric state, the metasurface switches to specular reflection, thereby endowing the sensor with switching functionality for RI detection. This approach overcomes issues of liquid-contaminated surfaces and enables simultaneous detection of multiple substances, offering broad application prospects across various sensing scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49719,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Non-contact multi-channel terahertz refractive index detecting via focused orbital angular momentum\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108638\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Terahertz refractive index (RI) sensor is an important tool for characterization of material properties. However, traditional immersion RI sensors suffer from issues of liquid contamination and low detection efficiency. Therefore, this study designs a non-contact multi-channel terahertz RI sensor based on metasurface which can produce vortex beam with focused orbital angular momentum (FOAM). Computing Spatially Weighted Variance (SWV) of the contours and intensities of the images resulting from different RI demonstrates that the RI value correlates uniquely with the weighted variance. Specifically, in the near-field metasurface (NF metasurface), by employing 3-bit phase binary (PB) encoding and convolution operations on vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) metasurfaces, we realized a high-purity FOAM with a focal length of <em>f</em> = 3500 μm. After fixing the sample under test at <em>f</em> = 3500 μm and analyzing the near-field FOAM amplitude images under various RI conditions using the SWV method, the RI detection sensitivity of the NF metasurface was calculated to be 15,775/RIU. To enhance detection efficiency and meet the requirements for far-field detection, we proposed a sensor capable of detecting multiple samples in the far-field. In the far-field metasurface (FF metasurface), when linearly polarized light is incident on this metasurface, the sensitivity of the FOAM to RI detection produced by this metasurface under the left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) components are 10,554/RIU and 13,292/RIU, respectively. The minimum change of the RI that can be detected by the near-field and far field sensors reaches 10<sup>−4</sup> RIU. When VO<sub>2</sub> transitions to its dielectric state, the metasurface switches to specular reflection, thereby endowing the sensor with switching functionality for RI detection. This approach overcomes issues of liquid-contaminated surfaces and enables simultaneous detection of multiple substances, offering broad application prospects across various sensing scenarios.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":49719,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Optics and Lasers in Engineering\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Optics and Lasers in Engineering\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014381662400616X\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"OPTICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014381662400616X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"OPTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
太赫兹折射率(RI)传感器是表征材料特性的重要工具。然而,传统的浸入式 RI 传感器存在液体污染和检测效率低的问题。因此,本研究设计了一种基于元表面的非接触式多通道太赫兹折射率传感器,它能产生具有聚焦轨道角动量(FOAM)的涡流束。计算不同 RI 产生的图像轮廓和强度的空间加权方差(SWV)表明,RI 值与加权方差具有独特的相关性。具体来说,在近场元表面(NF 元表面)中,通过对二氧化钒(VO2)元表面进行 3 位二进制相位(PB)编码和卷积操作,我们实现了焦距为 f = 3500 μm 的高纯度 FOAM。将被测样品固定在 f = 3500 μm 处,使用 SWV 方法分析各种 RI 条件下的近场 FOAM 幅值图像,计算出 NF 元表面的 RI 检测灵敏度为 15,775/RIU 。为了提高检测效率并满足远场检测的要求,我们提出了一种能够在远场检测多个样本的传感器。在远场元表面(FF 元表面)中,当线性偏振光入射到该元表面时,FOAM 对该元表面在左圆偏振(LCP)和右圆偏振(RCP)分量下产生的 RI 检测灵敏度分别为 10 554/RIU 和 13 292/RIU。近场和远场传感器能检测到的最小 RI 变化达到 10-4 RIU。当 VO2 转变为介电状态时,元表面就会转为镜面反射,从而赋予传感器检测 RI 的切换功能。这种方法克服了液体污染表面的问题,可同时检测多种物质,在各种传感场景中具有广阔的应用前景。
Non-contact multi-channel terahertz refractive index detecting via focused orbital angular momentum
Terahertz refractive index (RI) sensor is an important tool for characterization of material properties. However, traditional immersion RI sensors suffer from issues of liquid contamination and low detection efficiency. Therefore, this study designs a non-contact multi-channel terahertz RI sensor based on metasurface which can produce vortex beam with focused orbital angular momentum (FOAM). Computing Spatially Weighted Variance (SWV) of the contours and intensities of the images resulting from different RI demonstrates that the RI value correlates uniquely with the weighted variance. Specifically, in the near-field metasurface (NF metasurface), by employing 3-bit phase binary (PB) encoding and convolution operations on vanadium dioxide (VO2) metasurfaces, we realized a high-purity FOAM with a focal length of f = 3500 μm. After fixing the sample under test at f = 3500 μm and analyzing the near-field FOAM amplitude images under various RI conditions using the SWV method, the RI detection sensitivity of the NF metasurface was calculated to be 15,775/RIU. To enhance detection efficiency and meet the requirements for far-field detection, we proposed a sensor capable of detecting multiple samples in the far-field. In the far-field metasurface (FF metasurface), when linearly polarized light is incident on this metasurface, the sensitivity of the FOAM to RI detection produced by this metasurface under the left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) components are 10,554/RIU and 13,292/RIU, respectively. The minimum change of the RI that can be detected by the near-field and far field sensors reaches 10−4 RIU. When VO2 transitions to its dielectric state, the metasurface switches to specular reflection, thereby endowing the sensor with switching functionality for RI detection. This approach overcomes issues of liquid-contaminated surfaces and enables simultaneous detection of multiple substances, offering broad application prospects across various sensing scenarios.
期刊介绍:
Optics and Lasers in Engineering aims at providing an international forum for the interchange of information on the development of optical techniques and laser technology in engineering. Emphasis is placed on contributions targeted at the practical use of methods and devices, the development and enhancement of solutions and new theoretical concepts for experimental methods.
Optics and Lasers in Engineering reflects the main areas in which optical methods are being used and developed for an engineering environment. Manuscripts should offer clear evidence of novelty and significance. Papers focusing on parameter optimization or computational issues are not suitable. Similarly, papers focussed on an application rather than the optical method fall outside the journal''s scope. The scope of the journal is defined to include the following:
-Optical Metrology-
Optical Methods for 3D visualization and virtual engineering-
Optical Techniques for Microsystems-
Imaging, Microscopy and Adaptive Optics-
Computational Imaging-
Laser methods in manufacturing-
Integrated optical and photonic sensors-
Optics and Photonics in Life Science-
Hyperspectral and spectroscopic methods-
Infrared and Terahertz techniques