Investigating structural, dielectric, and electrical characteristics of sol–gel synthesized perovskite ceramic Bi0.7Ba0.3(FeTi)0.5O3

The goal of this research is to create a perovskite ceramic with electrical and dielectric properties appropriate for energy storage, medical uses, and electronic devices. A bismuth ferric titanate, Bi_0.7Ba_0.3(FeTi)_0.5O₃, doped with barium and crystalline, was effectively synthesized at the A-site via sol–gel synthesis. A rhombohedral structure emerged in the R3́C space group, which was confirmed by room-temperature X-ray studies. An average grain size of 263 nm and a homogeneous grain distribution and chemical composition were confirmed by the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The study established a clear relationship between temperature, frequency, and the electrical properties of the material. Impedance spectroscopy and electrical modulus measurements, performed in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz and at temperatures ranging from 200 K to 360 K, demonstrated a non-Debye type of relaxation. Furthermore, once the material was produced at various temperatures, its frequency-dependent electrical conductivity was examined using Jonscher’s law. The results demonstrate that barium doping significantly improves the electrical conductivity and dielectric properties compared to pure BiFeTiO₃. Over the complete temperature range, consistent conduction and relaxation mechanisms were discovered. These findings suggest that the chemical may find widespread applicability across a broad temperature range, including electrical fields and capacitors.

Graphical Abstract