灌溉和氮肥对干旱环境中雨水灌溉系统玉米光合作用和产量的协同效应

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI:10.1111/jac.12782
Ya Huang, Fei Gao, Rayyan Khan, Shahid Ali, Xun Bo Zhou
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引用次数: 0

摘要

玉米是一种具有全球意义的谷类作物,但在广西亚热带地区的种植却面临挑战,主要原因是降雨量多变和土壤肥力低,加剧了干旱的影响。本研究评估了灌溉和氮肥对克服这些挑战、提高玉米生长和产量的影响。2020 年至 2021 年期间,进行了一次分小区试验。主小区被分配到两种灌溉处理:灌溉和雨水灌溉。在每个主小区中,子小区分别采用不同的氮肥水平(0、150、200、250 和 300 千克/公顷)进行处理。结果表明,氮素水平和水制度对几个关键因子有显著影响,包括净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、细胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、碳代谢酶和总碳(TC)含量积累。在类似干旱的雨水灌溉条件下,施氮 RN300(雨水灌溉施氮 300 kg ha-1)和 IN250(灌溉施氮 250 kg ha-1)显著提高了 Pn(10.0%)、Tr(3.17%)、Ci(3.41%)和 Gs(2.6%)。此外,PAR 受水系和氮素水平的影响也很大。与 RN300 相比,在 IN250 条件下,捕获率(Ca)增加了(2.36%),而渗透率(Pe)和反射率(Re)分别下降了 13.12% 和 46.36%。与 IN250 相比,RN300 的碳代谢酶(蔗糖磷酸合成酶和磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶)水平和 TC 含量更高,但这些差异在统计学上并不显著。路径分析显示,在两种水分制度下,千粒重对产量的影响最大。灌溉条件下的影响更大,路径系数为 0.647,而雨水灌溉条件下的路径系数为 0.459。相关分析表明,株高(0.938)、茎直径(0.906)、穗直径(0.928)和穗长(0.803)与氮水平呈正相关。总之,在 IN250 条件下,玉米的光合作用和碳积累表现优异。这表明,均衡的灌溉和氮素管理可有效减轻干旱对玉米的不利影响,持续优化玉米的生长和产量。
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Synergistic Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilisation on Maize Photosynthetic Performance and Yield of Rainfed Systems in Drought-Prone Environments

Maize, a cereal crop of global significance, encounters cultivation challenges in the subtropical regions of Guangxi, mainly due to variable rainfall and low soil fertility, exacerbating the effects of drought. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation on overcoming these challenges and improving maize growth and yield. Between 2020 and 2021, a split-plot experiment was conducted. The main plots were assigned to two irrigation treatments: irrigated and rainfed. Within each main plot, subplots were treated with different nitrogen levels (0, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha−1). The results showed that nitrogen levels and water regime significantly impacted several key factors, including the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), carbon-metabolising enzymes and total carbon (TC) content accumulation. Under drought-like rainfed conditions, the application of nitrogen, RN300 (rainfed application nitrogen 300 kg ha−1), IN250 (irrigated application nitrogen 250 kg ha−1) significantly enhanced the Pn (10.0%), Tr (3.17%), Ci (3.41%) and Gs (2.6%). Additionally, PAR was significantly influenced by the water regime and nitrogen levels. Under IN250, the capture ratio (Ca) increased (2.36%), while the penetration ratio (Pe) and reflectance ratio (Re) decreased by 13.12% and 46.36%, respectively, compared to RN300. The levels of carbon metabolism enzymes (sucrose phosphate synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and the TC content were higher under RN300 compared to IN250; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Path analysis revealed that thousand kernel weight had the most significant impact on yield under both water regimes. The effect was stronger under irrigated conditions, with a path coefficient of 0.647, compared to 0.459 under rainfed conditions. Correlation analysis indicated that plant height (0.938), stem diameter (0.906), ear diameter (0.928) and ear length (0.803) were positively correlated with nitrogen levels. In conclusion, maize under IN250 exhibited superior photosynthetic performance and carbon accumulation. This suggests that balanced irrigation and nitrogen management can effectively mitigate the adverse impacts of drought on maize, optimising growth and yield sustainably.

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来源期刊
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
5.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
7.8 months
期刊介绍: The effects of stress on crop production of agricultural cultivated plants will grow to paramount importance in the 21st century, and the Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science aims to assist in understanding these challenges. In this context, stress refers to extreme conditions under which crops and forages grow. The journal publishes original papers and reviews on the general and special science of abiotic plant stress. Specific topics include: drought, including water-use efficiency, such as salinity, alkaline and acidic stress, extreme temperatures since heat, cold and chilling stress limit the cultivation of crops, flooding and oxidative stress, and means of restricting them. Special attention is on research which have the topic of narrowing the yield gap. The Journal will give preference to field research and studies on plant stress highlighting these subsections. Particular regard is given to application-oriented basic research and applied research. The application of the scientific principles of agricultural crop experimentation is an essential prerequisite for the publication. Studies based on field experiments must show that they have been repeated (at least three times) on the same organism or have been conducted on several different varieties.
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