A 3D-Printed Bionic Membrane with Autonomously Passive Unidirectional Liquid Transfer Capability for Water Condensation, Collection, and Purification.

Interfacial solar vapor generation is a promising technology for alleviating the current global water crisis, and the evaporation rate and efficiency have approached the theoretical limit. In a practical interfacial evaporation water purification system, the collection rate of purified water is typically lower than the evaporation rate. Passive collection devices based on gravity are susceptible to environmental influences and exhibit low collection efficiency, while active collection devices consuming external energy suffer from complex device systems and extra energy consumption. Given that both collection devices are nonselective and unable to distinguish contaminants mixed in the vapor, bionic membranes with autonomously passive and unidirectional water transfer capacity are developed through 3D printing for efficient water collection. More importantly, the bionic membranes are capable of high-speed water transportation without the need for external energy or gravity drive and liquid-selective transportation for separating oily pollutants from the collected products. The directional transport property facilitates the modular assembly of the bionic membrane, extending its application to practical large-scale solar-driven seawater desalination systems.