Piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuit for small area and low power consumption— A review

With the ongoing progression and extensive deployment of wireless sensor network (WSN) technology, WSNs have proliferated across various critical domains, including environmental monitoring, aerospace applications, and biomedical fields. Nonetheless, as WSNs transition towards miniaturization and enhanced efficiency, power supply challenges have become increasingly pronounced. The reduction in power supply volume and the limitations of battery energy density hinder conventional batteries from fulfilling the long-term operational demands of WSNs. In this context, piezoelectric energy harvesting technology has garnered significant attention as a viable alternative to traditional batteries, owing to its distinct advantages. Piezoelectric energy harvesters possess the capability to transduce ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy, thereby facilitating a continuous energy supply for WSNs. However, the critical factor for the widespread implementation of this technology is the advancement of interface circuits characterized by compact form factor, minimal power consumption, high efficiency, and stability. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the current research advancements in compact, low-power piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuits and to examine their prospective developmental trajectories. By analyzing the design principles and performance attributes of various interface circuits, this paper seeks to offer valuable references and insights for the continued evolution of piezoelectric energy harvesting technology. Building upon a review of the current research landscape, this paper also delineates several prospective avenues for future inquiry into piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuits. These avenues encompass enhancing energy conversion efficiency, optimizing circuit architecture to minimize power consumption, and improving the stability and reliability of the circuits. Through an in-depth exploration of these trajectories, the aim is to cultivate more advanced and practical piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuits, thereby ensuring robust energy support for the long-term sustainability of WSNs.