Simulation-based planning of earthmoving equipment for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

Large-scale earthmoving operations, common in mining excavation, contribute significantly to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This paper introduces a simulation-based system aimed at quantifying these emissions and identifying practical and achievable steps for reducing them. The system we developed considers site-specific factors, including equipment specifications, topography, route, and weather conditions. Notably, it enables ‘what-if’ scenario analyses, allowing us to evaluate the impact of different parameters on emissions. The system’s unique feature is the optimal allocation of resources through an intelligent decision-making system, which reduced GHG emissions by approximately 7.6% in the case study. Turning off equipment during idle periods further decreases emissions by up to 11.3%. These findings highlight the potential of operational adjustments in mitigating the environmental impact of earthmoving projects.