紧急情况下促进集体意识形成的线索:差距、不一致和指标

IF 4.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY International journal of disaster risk reduction Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104897
Rob Grace, Feifei Pang, Jess Kropczynski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在应急通信中心,接线员从 9-1-1 呼叫者那里收集信息,然后由调度员广播给急救人员。然而,当通信专家与接线员和调度员一起工作,对紧急情况下从多个物理和社会传感器收集到的信息进行分析时,这种工作流程就会发生变化。在这项通过设计进行的研究中,我们开发了一个原型仪表盘和合成数据集,以考察在主动攻击和洪水应急演习中,提示--促使识别和响应的信息特征--如何促进电信人员从 9-1-1 电话和社交媒体中收集信息的集体感知。在这些演习中,三种类型的线索--空白、不一致和指示器--通过使团队合作评估和重新评估紧急情况中报告的事件,促进了集体感知的形成。然而,这些线索只有在与多种资源和协调机制(包括共同运行图、领域本体论和标准操作程序)相配合时,才能促进集体感知的形成,从而使电信通讯员能够通过寻求信息来识别和响应线索,以更新和修改通讯团队成员之间共享的事件表述。本研究将线索理论化为环境的物理特征与能够识别和响应这些特征的参与者之间的关系,并从概念上定义了促进集体感知建立的线索类型,从而为设计支持集体感知建立过程的技术和工作组织提供了启示。
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Cues facilitating collective sensemaking during emergencies: Gaps, inconsistencies, and indicators
In emergency communications centers, call takers gather information from 9-1-1 callers which dispatchers then radio to first responders. This workflow changes, however, when communications specialists are introduced to work alongside call takers and dispatchers to make sense of information gathered from multiple physical and social sensors during emergencies. While the work of cross-functional communications teams stands to improve the timeliness and quality of situational awareness information dispatched to first responders, the sociotechnical requirements for collective sensemaking in next-generation emergency communications work remains understudied.
In this research-through-design study, a prototype dashboard and synthetic datasets were developed to examine how cues—informational features that prompt recognition and response—facilitated collective sensemaking among telecommunicators gathering information from 9-1-1 calls and social media during active assailant and flood emergency exercises. During these exercises, three types of cues—gaps, inconsistencies, and indicators—facilitated collective sensemaking by enabling the team to collaboratively assess and reassess incidents reported during the emergencies. However, these cues facilitated collective sensemaking only when paired with multiple resources and coordination mechanisms, including a common operational picture, domain ontology, and standard operating procedures, that allowed telecommunicators to recognize and respond to cues by seeking information to update and modify representations of events shared among members of the communications team. By theorizing cues as relationships between physical features of the environment and actors capable of recognizing and responding to these features, and conceptually defining types of cues that facilitate collective sensemaking, this study offers implications for the design of technologies and work organizations that support collective sensemaking processes.
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来源期刊
International journal of disaster risk reduction
International journal of disaster risk reduction GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARYMETEOROLOGY-METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
18.00%
发文量
688
审稿时长
79 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (IJDRR) is the journal for researchers, policymakers and practitioners across diverse disciplines: earth sciences and their implications; environmental sciences; engineering; urban studies; geography; and the social sciences. IJDRR publishes fundamental and applied research, critical reviews, policy papers and case studies with a particular focus on multi-disciplinary research that aims to reduce the impact of natural, technological, social and intentional disasters. IJDRR stimulates exchange of ideas and knowledge transfer on disaster research, mitigation, adaptation, prevention and risk reduction at all geographical scales: local, national and international. Key topics:- -multifaceted disaster and cascading disasters -the development of disaster risk reduction strategies and techniques -discussion and development of effective warning and educational systems for risk management at all levels -disasters associated with climate change -vulnerability analysis and vulnerability trends -emerging risks -resilience against disasters. The journal particularly encourages papers that approach risk from a multi-disciplinary perspective.
期刊最新文献
Assessment of tangible coastal inundation damage related to critical infrastructure and buildings: The case of Mauritius Island Geospatial analysis of alarmingly increasing flood vulnerability and disaster risk within the northeast himalaya region of India Cues facilitating collective sensemaking during emergencies: Gaps, inconsistencies, and indicators Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of flood resilience in Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration Urban flood hazard insights from multiple perspectives based on internet of things sensor data
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