International journal of disaster risk reduction最新文献

Devising wireless flood-sensing networks for critical infrastructure facilities 为关键基础设施设计无线洪水感应网络

IF 4.5 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International journal of disaster risk reduction

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106026

Shenghua Zhou , Yaqin Wang , Zhengyi Chen , Dezhi Li , Xiaoyun Du , Xiaer Xiahou , Yifan Yang

The Wireless Flood Sensing Network (WFSN), comprising Flood Detection Nodes (FDNs) and Wireless Access Nodes (WANs), is essential for reducing flooding risk to infrastructure facilities. However, existing studies on FDN and WAN placements remain largely disconnected. Moreover, FDN placement often overlooks joint indoor-outdoor deployment, while WAN placement relies on manually created Signal Coverage Models (SCMs). This study develops an Identification-Development-Optimization (IDO) framework for designing WFSNs of building-type critical infrastructure facilities, including (i) identifying indoor-outdoor FDN placement areas, (ii) developing the SCM of WANs using Building Information Modeling (BIM), and (iii) optimizing WAN placements with FDN considerations. Using an electrical substation in Wan Chai, Hong Kong, as a case study, the WFSN scheme from the IDO framework outperforms 7 baseline schemes from expertise-based methods, numerical optimizations, and FDN-unaware optimizations, with a minimum of 8.4 % improvement in signal coverage performance across the facility. In high-priority areas (FDN-placed areas and key functional areas), the signal coverage performance improves by 12.1 % relative to the best baseline. This study contributes to a WFSN design framework, which orchestrates indoor and outdoor FDNs, provides a reusable function library converting BIM into SCM, and enables automated FDN-aware WAN optimization.

无线洪水感应网络（WFSN）由洪水探测节点（fdn）和无线接入节点（wan）组成，对于减少基础设施的洪水风险至关重要。然而，现有的关于FDN和WAN放置的研究在很大程度上仍然是脱节的。此外，FDN的放置通常忽略了室内室外的联合部署，而广域网的放置依赖于手动创建的信号覆盖模型（scm）。本研究开发了一个识别-开发-优化（IDO）框架，用于设计建筑类型关键基础设施的wfdn，包括(i)确定室内-室外FDN放置区域，（ii）使用建筑信息模型（BIM）开发广域网的SCM，以及（iii）优化考虑FDN的广域网放置。以香港湾仔的一个变电站为例，IDO框架中的WFSN方案优于基于专业知识的方法、数值优化和不考虑fdn的优化的7个基准方案，在整个设施的信号覆盖性能方面至少提高了8.4%。在高优先级区域（放置fdn的区域和关键功能区），信号覆盖性能相对于最佳基线提高了12.1%。该研究为WFSN设计框架做出了贡献，该框架协调了室内和室外fdn，提供了一个可重用的功能库，将BIM转换为SCM，并实现了fdn感知的自动化广域网优化。

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引用次数: 0

The role of social infrastructure in community-based disaster resilience: A case study of the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake 社会基础设施在社区抗灾能力中的作用：以2024年诺托半岛地震为例

IF 4.5 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International journal of disaster risk reduction

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106033

Mikio Ishiwatari , Shoko Nomura , Sakiko Kanbara , Shalini Matharage , Daniel Aldrich

Social infrastructure plays a critical role in disaster resilience through enhancing social capital. However, empirical evidence linking community-based preparedness activities at social infrastructure to disaster outcomes remains limited. This study examines how Kominkan (community learning centers) in Japan function as social infrastructure to strengthen community disaster resilience through using the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake as a case study. The disaster claimed 636 lives and damaged more than 165,000 homes. Qualitative research methods, including site visits to five Kominkan and document analysis, were employed. Communities with established disaster preparedness programs integrated into Kominkan activities demonstrated emergency response capabilities. It was found that pre-disaster preparedness activities translated directly into effective emergency response and supported recovery efforts. Kominkan leveraged pre-existing social networks, leadership, and local knowledge to coordinate rescue operations, manage evacuation shelters, and maintain social cohesion during recovery. The study found that creative integration of disaster preparedness into recreational and cultural activities, such as sports festivals and newsletters, sustained community engagement. Furthermore, embedded local knowledge enabled rapid, context-appropriate decision-making. The multi-functional nature of Kominkan—serving educational and cultural purposes during normal times while maintaining disaster readiness—proved essential.

社会基础设施通过增强社会资本，在抗灾能力方面发挥着关键作用。然而，将社会基础设施的社区备灾活动与灾害结果联系起来的经验证据仍然有限。本研究以2024年诺藤半岛地震为例，探讨日本社区学习中心作为社会基础设施如何增强社区抗灾能力。这场灾难造成636人死亡，超过16.5万所房屋受损。本研究采用质性研究方法，包括实地走访5个小民馆及文献分析。将已建立的备灾方案纳入Kominkan活动的社区展示了应急能力。结果发现，灾前准备活动直接转化为有效的应急反应和支持恢复工作。Kominkan利用已有的社会网络、领导力和当地知识来协调救援行动，管理疏散避难所，并在恢复期间保持社会凝聚力。该研究发现，将备灾创造性地整合到娱乐和文化活动中，如体育节和时事通讯，可以维持社区参与。此外，嵌入的本地知识使快速、适合上下文的决策成为可能。科米肯的多功能性质——在正常时期服务于教育和文化目的，同时保持备灾状态——证明是必不可少的。

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引用次数: 0

Recent developments in tsunami preparedness in the North-Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean region: Challenges, strengths, and weaknesses 东北大西洋和地中海区域海啸防范工作的最新进展：挑战、优势和弱点

IF 4.5 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International journal of disaster risk reduction

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106029

Eleni Daskalaki , Ignacio Aguirre Ayerbe , Maria Ana Baptista , Alessandro Amato , Musavver Didem Cambaz , Marinos Charalampakis , Lorenzo Cugliari , Suzan M. El-Gharabawy , Amr Hamouda , Hélène Hebert , Nikos Kalligeris , Juan V. Cantavella Nadal , Nurcan Meral Özel , Matthieu Péroche , Ahmet C. Yalciner

Tsunamis pose a low-frequency but high-impact hazard to coastal communities in the North-Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean (NEAM) region. They are destructive, and their occurrence cannot be predicted. However, communities can take measures to decrease their impact. As concern grows for the NEAM region, local and international efforts are beginning to promote a complex legal and operational approach to hazard assessment, evacuation plans, and the establishment of effective Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Early Warning Systems. This study reviews the evolution of tsunami preparedness in the North-Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the adjacent seas, and recommends a shift from technically oriented warning systems to community resilience. Developments in this area are often delayed by inconsistent public awareness and the low priority given to coastal hazards in policy agendas. To address these vulnerabilities, the present paper underscores the need for continuous international cooperation, institutionalized education, and the deployment of innovative technologies.

海啸对东北大西洋和地中海（NEAM）地区的沿海社区构成频率低但影响大的危害。它们是破坏性的，它们的发生是无法预测的。然而，社区可以采取措施减少它们的影响。随着人们对新中东风暴区域的关注日益增加，地方和国际正开始努力促进对危险评估、疏散计划和建立有效的早期预警系统标准作业程序采取复杂的法律和业务办法。本研究回顾了东北大西洋、地中海和邻近海域海啸防备的演变，并建议从以技术为导向的预警系统转向以社区恢复力为导向的预警系统。由于公众意识不一致，以及政策议程对沿海灾害的重视程度较低，这一领域的发展往往被推迟。为了解决这些脆弱性，本文强调需要持续的国际合作、制度化的教育和创新技术的部署。

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引用次数: 0

What keeps women safe from violence during shocks? Review of risk and protective factors in the Indo-Pacific region 是什么使妇女在电击期间免受暴力？审查印太地区的风险和保护因素

IF 4.5 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International journal of disaster risk reduction

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106027

Phyu Phyu Oo , Helen Stenger , Connie Gan , Sara E. Davies , Jacqui True

Violence against women (VAW) can escalate during and immediately after shocks, thus underscoring the need to better understand and identify the protective factors that mitigate the risks. This scoping review examines the risks and protective factors associated with VAW during shocks – intense, acute or sudden events that include conflicts, financial crises, health emergencies and natural disasters, with a focus on the Indo-Pacific region (46 countries) from 1993 to 2023. We recorded 12 risk factors associated with VAW during shocks from 63 peer-reviewed studies, with financial insecurity presented as the most prominent risk factor. Yet, only three studies identified protective factors that prevent or reduce VAW during shocks. Furthermore, studies have been conducted in only 21 out of 46 countries. With shocks rising across the region, we argue that more research is needed to explore the relationship between risk and protective factors and VAW escalation during different types of shocks, specifically, more studies on a diverse range of affected countries, and the use of feminist informed methodologies to document the structural and social protection responses that mitigate VAW during and after shocks.

暴力侵害妇女行为可能在冲击期间和之后立即升级，因此强调有必要更好地了解和确定减轻风险的保护因素。本范围审查审查了1993年至2023年期间印度-太平洋地区（46个国家）在冲突、金融危机、突发卫生事件和自然灾害等强烈、急性或突发事件期间与暴力侵害行为相关的风险和保护因素。我们从63项同行评议的研究中记录了与冲击期间VAW相关的12个风险因素，其中财务不安全是最突出的风险因素。然而，只有三项研究确定了预防或减少冲击期间VAW的保护因素。此外，在46个国家中，仅在21个国家进行了研究。随着该地区冲击的增加，我们认为需要更多的研究来探索不同类型冲击期间风险和保护因素与暴力侵害行为升级之间的关系，特别是对不同范围的受影响国家进行更多的研究，并使用女权主义知情方法来记录在冲击期间和之后减轻暴力侵害的结构和社会保护措施。

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引用次数: 0

Recurrent risk and the disaster loop: A forensic approach to urban flooding 复发性风险和灾害循环：城市洪水的法医方法

IF 4.5 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International journal of disaster risk reduction

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106028

José de Jesús Flores Durán , Irasema Alcántara-Ayala

Floods are among the most widespread and recurrent disasters worldwide, with particularly severe impacts in rapidly urbanising regions of developing countries such as Mexico, where inequality, governance constraints, and unplanned land-use change intensify exposure and vulnerability. Flood risk in Guadalajara, Mexico, stems from long-standing socio-spatial, institutional, and historical processes rather than isolated hydrometeorological events. Drawing on a forensic, retrospective longitudinal approach, this study reconstructs the causal pathways through which exposure and vulnerability have been generated, consolidated, and reproduced over time. The findings show how successive phases of urbanisation on unsuitable land, socio-spatial segregation, and uneven infrastructure provision have produced a recurrent pattern of flooding across the municipality. Institutional responses—centred predominantly on reactive, engineering-based measures—have mitigated immediate impacts while reinforcing the structural conditions that sustain risk. To interpret these cyclical dynamics, the study introduces the disaster loop. This conceptual model captures the self-reinforcing mechanisms through which governance practices, development trajectories, and territorial transformations continually regenerate risk conditions over time. By revealing the historical and systemic origins of Guadalajara's recurrent flooding, the analysis underscores the need for integrated, corrective, and prospective territorial planning capable of interrupting the feedback processes that normalise disaster risk and, instead, strengthening capacities to reduce it. The insights generated are relevant to rapidly urbanising contexts where inequality and governance fragmentation converge to reproduce extensive, chronic disaster patterns.

洪水是世界范围内最广泛和最经常发生的灾害之一，对墨西哥等发展中国家快速城市化地区的影响尤为严重，在这些地区，不平等、治理限制和无计划的土地利用变化加剧了风险和脆弱性。墨西哥瓜达拉哈拉的洪水风险源于长期的社会空间、制度和历史过程，而不是孤立的水文气象事件。本研究采用法医、回顾性的纵向方法，重建了暴露和脆弱性随着时间的推移而产生、巩固和再现的因果途径。研究结果表明，在不合适的土地上，城市化的连续阶段，社会空间隔离，以及不平衡的基础设施供应，如何在整个城市产生了反复出现的洪水模式。制度性的应对——主要集中在被动的、基于工程的措施上——减轻了直接影响，同时强化了维持风险的结构性条件。为了解释这些周期性动态，本研究引入了灾难循环。这个概念模型捕获了自我强化的机制，通过这些机制，治理实践、发展轨迹和领域转换随着时间的推移不断地再生风险条件。通过揭示瓜达拉哈拉经常性洪水的历史和系统根源，分析强调了需要进行综合、纠正和前瞻性的领土规划，以中断使灾害风险正常化的反馈过程，而不是加强减少灾害风险的能力。所产生的见解与快速城市化背景有关，在这种背景下，不平等和治理碎片化汇聚在一起，重现了广泛的、长期的灾难模式。

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引用次数: 0

Road transport resilience under extreme rainfall: Integrating multiple impact factors and delay propagation 极端降雨条件下道路运输弹性：综合多影响因素和延迟传播

IF 4.5 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International journal of disaster risk reduction

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106024

Jie Liu , Zizhen Xu , Li Wan , Kristen MacAskill

Extreme rainfall significantly affects road transport networks through flood, reduced visibility, and traffic signal failures. However, existing research does not integrate all three of these impact factors, and triggered delay propagation across the network under rainfall conditions is not thoroughly captured in resilience assessments. This study achieves this by embedding these impacts within a dynamic traffic assignment framework based on the link transmission model, which enables a detailed representation of network-wide delay propagation under rainfall conditions. Network performance is evaluated using the average delay per time slice, and a dimensionless, delay-based resilience index is defined as the ratio of cumulative delay under normal conditions to that under an extreme-rainfall scenario. A case study of the large-scale road network in Greater London and its surrounding cities reveals that spillover delays (delay increase outside the rainfall-affected areas) constitute 0.42, 0.34, and 0.27 of the total delay increase for the 1-in-30, 1-in-100, and 1-in-1000-year rainfall scenarios, respectively. The corresponding mean resilience values are 0.79, 0.66, and 0.59, which means that cumulative delays under these scenarios are approximately 27 %, 52 %, and 69 % higher than under normal conditions. Moreover, attributes of the rainfall-affected areas—such as traffic demand, road length, area size, and high-risk flooded segment length—demonstrate significant correlation with network resilience, as indicated by the good model fit observed under the 1-in-30-year rainfall scenarios. The proposed framework captures the spatio-temporal evolution of delays and diagnoses congestion hotspots under extreme rainfall, thereby providing decision support for traffic management and emergency response in urban road networks.

极端降雨通过洪水、能见度降低和交通信号故障严重影响道路交通网络。然而，现有的研究并没有整合所有这三个影响因素，并且在恢复力评估中没有完全捕获降雨条件下触发的网络延迟传播。本研究通过将这些影响嵌入到基于链路传输模型的动态流量分配框架中来实现这一目标，该框架能够详细表示降雨条件下全网范围的延迟传播。使用每个时间片的平均延迟来评估网络性能，并将无量纲、基于延迟的弹性指标定义为正常条件下累积延迟与极端降雨情况下累积延迟的比值。对大伦敦及其周边城市大规模路网的案例研究表明，在30年一遇、100年一遇和1000年一遇的降雨情景下，溢出延迟（受降雨影响区域以外的延迟增加）分别占总延迟增加的0.42、0.34和0.27。相应的平均弹性值分别为0.79、0.66和0.59，这意味着在这些情景下的累积延迟比正常情况下大约高出27%、52%和69%。此外，受降雨影响区域的属性（如交通需求、道路长度、面积大小和高风险淹没路段长度）与网络恢复力具有显著相关性，这表明在30年1次降雨情景下观察到良好的模型拟合。该框架捕捉了极端降雨条件下交通延误的时空演变，并对拥堵热点进行了诊断，从而为城市道路网络的交通管理和应急响应提供决策支持。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding multi-hazard risk for U.S. coastal cities 了解美国沿海城市的多重灾害风险

IF 4.5 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International journal of disaster risk reduction

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106023

Subash Poudel , Sunil Bista , Saurav Bhattarai , Sanjib Sharma , Rocky Talchabhadel

Coastal cities are threatened by a wide range of hazards, including sea-level rise, erosion, storm surges, flooding, and extreme weather events. In this study, we focus on understanding multi-hazard risk across twenty coastal cities in the United States by accounting for a range of potential hazards, socioeconomic conditions, adaptive capabilities, and infrastructure vulnerability. We employ a Multi-Hazard Risk Index by analyzing in situ ground observations, remotely sensed information, and re-analyzed datasets. We explore the interplay between hazards, exposure, and vulnerability. Across the selected twenty cities, our results show substantial variation in risk levels, ranging from 40 to 80. We notice that Gulf Coast cities (New Orleans and Miami) experience higher sea-level risk trends, while West Coast cities (Los Angeles and San Francisco) show comparatively lower exposure. Northeastern Atlantic cities (New York and Jersey City) face higher vulnerability, while Southeastern Atlantic cities, such as Charleston, show lower vulnerability, reflecting differences in susceptibility and adaptive capacity. These relative risk scores provide city planners and policymakers with important insights and a framework to assess their city's risk levels and make informed decisions for targeted resilience strategies.

沿海城市受到各种灾害的威胁，包括海平面上升、侵蚀、风暴潮、洪水和极端天气事件。在这项研究中，我们通过考虑一系列潜在危害、社会经济条件、适应能力和基础设施脆弱性，重点了解美国20个沿海城市的多灾害风险。我们通过分析现场地面观测、遥感信息和重新分析的数据集，采用了多灾害风险指数。我们探索危险、暴露和脆弱性之间的相互作用。在选定的20个城市中，我们的结果显示风险水平有很大的变化，从40到80不等。我们注意到，墨西哥湾沿岸城市（新奥尔良和迈阿密）经历了更高的海平面风险趋势，而西海岸城市（洛杉矶和旧金山）的风险相对较低。东北大西洋城市（纽约和泽西城）的脆弱性较高，东南大西洋城市（如查尔斯顿）的脆弱性较低，反映了易感性和适应能力的差异。这些相对风险评分为城市规划者和决策者提供了重要的见解和框架，以评估其城市的风险水平，并为有针对性的弹性战略做出明智的决策。

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引用次数: 0

Business recovery of female-owned enterprises after urban floods: A propensity score matching analysis in the Bangkok metropolitan region 城市洪水后女性企业的业务恢复：曼谷都市圈的倾向得分匹配分析

IF 4.5 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International journal of disaster risk reduction

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106022

Siriporn Darnkachatarn , Yoshio Kajitani

引用次数: 0

Assessment and optimization of airport operational resilience under severe weather conditions: A case study of snowstorm 恶劣天气条件下机场运行弹性评估与优化：以雪灾为例

IF 4.5 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International journal of disaster risk reduction

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106021

Yuhui Zhang , Lili Liu , Xiong Peng , Yanan Zhang , Qian Dong

To scientifically assess airport operational systems’ performance and resilience, we developed a comprehensive performance-indicator model based on the operational status of arrival and departure flights. In addressing limitations of conventional departure-rate metrics, we introduced the actual departure rate (ADR) alongside a resilience assessment model. We proposed an IVY-KMEDOIDS clustering algorithm to optimize airport resilience by enhancing the traditional KMEDOIDS algorithm, which groups hours with similar operational conditions into clusters and formulates optimization strategies for departure flights. We analyzed operational and meteorological data from Wuhan Tianhe International Airport (WUH), China, during snowstorms. The results demonstrated that ADR more accurately represented airport performance than conventional metrics and that resilience assessments based on ADR more closely reflected operational reality. The IVY-optimized KMEDOIDS algorithm determined the optimal cluster count from data collected at 11 snowstorm-impacted airports, achieving 20 clusters with a silhouette coefficient of 0.4756, a Davies–Bouldin index value of 1.4119, and a Calinski–Harabasz index value of 102.1020, thereby illustrating superior clustering performance. Hourly departure optimization strategies for WUH improved resilience by

0.13 - 3.18

on the first day and by

0.026 - 0.73

on the second. In robustness validation, the framework demonstrated strong applicability at Chengdu Shuangliu and Chengdu Tianfu airports and exhibited high robustness at four U.S. airports. Airports such as Atlanta and Chicago O’Hare experienced winter storms. This study establishes a scientific basis for airport operational management under severe weather conditions, thereby enhancing resilience and response capabilities.

为了科学地评估机场运行系统的性能和弹性，我们基于到达和离开航班的运行状态开发了一个综合绩效指标模型。为了解决传统离职率指标的局限性，我们引入了实际离职率（ADR）和弹性评估模型。本文通过对传统KMEDOIDS算法的改进，提出了一种IVY-KMEDOIDS聚类算法，将运行条件相似的小时数聚类，并制定出发航班的优化策略，对机场弹性进行优化。我们分析了中国武汉天河国际机场（WUH）在暴风雪期间的业务和气象数据。结果表明，ADR比传统指标更准确地反映了机场绩效，基于ADR的弹性评估更能反映运营现实。经过ivy优化的KMEDOIDS算法从11个受暴风雪影响机场的数据中确定了最优聚类数，得到了20个聚类，剪影系数为0.4756，davis - bouldin指数为1.4119，Calinski-Harabasz指数为102.1020，表明聚类性能优越。每小时出发优化策略在第一天提高了0.13 ~ 3.18，第二天提高了0.026 ~ 0.73。在稳健性验证中，该框架在成都双流和成都天府机场表现出较强的适用性，在四个美国机场表现出较高的稳健性。亚特兰大和芝加哥奥黑尔等机场经历了冬季风暴。本研究为机场在恶劣天气条件下的运行管理提供科学依据，从而提高机场的应变能力和响应能力。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing residual flood risk assessment through response capacity quantification: Case study of the Sefidroud river, Iran 通过响应能力量化加强剩余洪水风险评估：以伊朗塞菲德鲁德河为例

IF 4.5 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International journal of disaster risk reduction

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106019

Khabat Amani, Seiyed Mossa Hosseini

This study develops a response-adjusted flood risk assessment framework that incorporates physical accessibility to emergency services as a first approximation of community mitigation capacity. The framework is applied to three reaches of the Sefidroud River in northwestern Iran, a region frequently affected by severe flooding. Flood hazard was estimated using the HEC-RAS hydraulic model by integrating water depth and flow velocity across return periods from 2 to 1000 years, while vulnerability was assessed by overlaying land-use exposure with flood damage functions. A response factor—based on proximity to ten critical infrastructures including transport routes, emergency facilities, and healthcare services—was used to represent the accessible component of response capacity in a data-scarce setting. The resulting hydraulic simulations were validated qualitatively against available geomorphological evidence, as quantitative flood-extent data for these extreme return periods was not available. Incorporating this factor reduced the residual risk by approximately 7 % for the 100-year flood and 1 % for the 1000-year flood, indicating the limited moderating influence of local accessibility under extreme events. This work demonstrates how response-related indicators can be integrated into the conventional hazard–exposure–vulnerability paradigm, and outlines a pathway for expanding the framework to include broader social and institutional dimensions in future research.

本研究开发了一个响应调整的洪水风险评估框架，该框架将应急服务的物理可及性作为社区减灾能力的初步近似值。该框架应用于伊朗西北部塞菲德鲁德河的三个河段，该地区经常受到严重洪水的影响。利用HEC-RAS水力模型，通过综合2 - 1000年汛期的水深和流速来估计洪水危害，而通过将土地利用暴露与洪水破坏函数叠加来评估脆弱性。在数据匮乏的情况下，响应因子是基于对10个关键基础设施（包括运输路线、应急设施和医疗服务）的接近程度来表示响应能力的可访问部分。由于没有这些极端回归期的定量洪水范围数据，因此根据现有的地貌证据，对所得的水力模拟进行了定性验证。考虑到这一因素，100年洪水的剩余风险降低了约7%，1000年洪水的剩余风险降低了1%，表明极端事件下当地可达性的调节作用有限。这项工作展示了如何将与响应相关的指标整合到传统的危险暴露-脆弱性范式中，并概述了在未来的研究中扩展框架以包括更广泛的社会和制度维度的途径。

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引用次数: 0