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Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of flood resilience in Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration 北部湾城市群抗洪能力的时空演变及影响因素
IF 4.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104905
In the context of global climate change and rapid urbanization, enhancing flood resilience is essential for mitigating urban flood risk. However, few studies have conducted long-term, cross-scale dynamic evaluations of flood resilience and analyzed its influencing factors and mechanisms. Taking the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration as the study area, a long-term, cross-scale dynamic evaluation index system based on the “Robustness-Resistance-Recovery” (3Rs) framework was developed to assess the spatiotemporal evolution of flood resilience from 2000 to 2020. Furthermore, the optimal parameters-based geographical detector model is employed to identify the key influencing factors and mechanisms. The results reveal that pre-flood robustness is lower in coastal areas and higher in inland areas. In the during-flood stage, cities with greater comprehensive power exhibit stronger resistance. Post-flood recovery is higher in city centers and marginal mountainous areas, while coastal and inland low-lying areas show lower recovery. The flood resilience of urban agglomerations has improved in recent years, largely due to the enhancement of urban flood control infrastructure and healthcare capacity. However, disparities between cities persist. From 2000 to 2020, economic factors have been the primary drivers of improved flood resilience, while ecological factors have gained increasing importance over the past decade. These findings provide valuable insights for flood prevention, mitigation, and resilience management in urban agglomerations. The developed dynamic evaluation index system offers a reference framework for evaluating flood resilience in other regions.
在全球气候变化和快速城市化的背景下,提高抗洪能力对于降低城市洪水风险至关重要。然而,很少有研究对抗洪能力进行长期、跨尺度的动态评价,并分析其影响因素和机制。本研究以北部湾城市群为研究区域,基于 "稳健性-抵抗力-恢复力"(3Rs)框架,建立了一个长期、跨尺度的动态评价指标体系,以评估 2000 年至 2020 年洪涝灾害恢复力的时空演变。此外,还采用了基于最优参数的地理探测器模型来确定关键影响因素和机制。结果表明,洪水前沿海地区的抗洪能力较低,内陆地区较高。在洪灾期间,综合实力较强的城市表现出较强的抗灾能力。洪灾后,城市中心区和边缘山区的恢复能力较强,而沿海和内陆低洼地区的恢复能力较弱。近年来,城市群的抗洪能力有所提高,这主要归功于城市防洪基础设施和医疗保健能力的增强。然而,城市之间的差距依然存在。从 2000 年到 2020 年,经济因素一直是提高抗洪能力的主要驱动力,而生态因素在过去十年中则变得越来越重要。这些发现为城市群的防洪、减灾和抗洪管理提供了宝贵的启示。所开发的动态评估指标体系为评估其他地区的抗洪能力提供了参考框架。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the involvement/exclusion paradox in disaster volunteering from a field-theoretical perspective 从实地理论角度理解灾害志愿服务中的参与/排斥悖论
IF 4.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104913
In disasters, volunteers who have not been affiliated to official disaster response organisations are likely to enter the scene. Although such unofficial responders (UR) are increasingly recognised as a valuable resource in both research and practice, their full utilisation, integration, and cooperation with the official response (OR) is rare. Although researchers have increasingly examined the barriers and drivers of UR involvement, this “involvement/exclusion paradox”, coined by Harris et al. (2017), remains puzzling. Applying a field-theoretical perspective, this paper argues that disasters are critical moments in which the field itself is put under pressure at multiple focal points. For instance, UR who enter the scene and try to become involved jeopardize the field: they increase the number of involved agents, increase the competition over symbolic profit, and question the definition of proper disaster response. Taking a case-study of a mudslide disaster in the Austrian Alps, this paper examines the strategies by which OR tame pressure associated with UR. Three strategies were revealed: boundary definition, boundary defence, and boundary opening, which aim at establishing and upholding boundaries by increasing both their robustness and elasticity. The findings contribute to a theoretically underpinned understanding of UR involvement and encourage critical reflection on the relations between UR and OR by revealing tensions and latent conflicts.
在灾害中,未加入官方救灾组织的志愿者很可能会进入现场。尽管在研究和实践中,人们越来越认识到这些非官方响应者(UR)是一种宝贵的资源,但他们的充分利用、整合以及与官方响应者(OR)的合作却很少见。尽管研究人员越来越多地研究了非官方响应者参与的障碍和驱动因素,但哈里斯等人(2017)提出的 "参与/排斥悖论 "仍然令人费解。本文从实地理论的角度出发,认为灾害发生的关键时刻,实地本身会在多个焦点上承受压力。例如,进入现场并试图参与其中的 UR 会危及该领域:他们增加了参与人员的数量,加剧了对象征性利益的争夺,并对正确救灾的定义提出质疑。本文通过对奥地利阿尔卑斯山泥石流灾害的案例研究,探讨了救灾组织如何应对与 UR 相关的压力。本文揭示了三种策略:边界定义、边界防御和边界开放,旨在通过增强边界的稳健性和弹性来建立和维护边界。研究结果有助于从理论上理解 UR 的参与,并通过揭示紧张关系和潜在冲突,鼓励对 UR 与 OR 之间的关系进行批判性反思。
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引用次数: 0
A tropical cyclone risk prediction framework using flood susceptibility and tree-based machine learning models: County-level direct economic loss prediction in Guangdong Province 利用洪水易感性和基于树的机器学习模型的热带气旋风险预测框架:广东省县级直接经济损失预测
IF 4.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104955
Tropical cyclones (TCs), characterized by strong winds, heavy rainfall, storm surges, and flooding, have caused significant economic losses and fatalities in coastal regions globally. However, existing TC risk prediction frameworks often fail to adequately account for the direct impacts of flooding. In this study, we propose integrating flood susceptibility, a critical component of flood early warning systems, into TC risk prediction frameworks. Focusing on Guangdong Province, we employ four tree-based machine learning (ML) models (random forest, extreme gradient boosting, light gradient boosting machine, and categorical boosting) to predict county-level direct economic losses (DELs) based on flood susceptibility, oceanographic-meteorological data, and vulnerability data. These ML models are trained and tested on a dataset of 896 samples, achieving high prediction accuracies, with Pearson correlation coefficients exceeding 0.81 between the predicted and observed DEL values. Among the four models, the light gradient boosting machine demonstrates the best performance, achieving the highest values of R and R2, and the lowest values of MSE, MAE, and MedAE. The integration of flood susceptibility is validated by comparing it with traditional methods that directly incorporate environmental factors. Furthermore, the proposed TC risk prediction framework is applied to forecast the impacts of Super Typhoon Mangkhut in 2018, illustrating its potential ability for “real-time” TC risk assessments. These “real-time” DEL predictions not only estimate potential losses but also facilitate timely interventions, thereby enhancing the practical value of the model for disaster prevention and response.
热带气旋(TC)以强风、暴雨、风暴潮和洪水为特征,给全球沿海地区造成了巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡。然而,现有的热带气旋风险预测框架往往未能充分考虑洪水的直接影响。在本研究中,我们建议将洪水易感性这一洪水预警系统的重要组成部分纳入热带气旋风险预测框架。以广东省为重点,我们采用了四种基于树的机器学习(ML)模型(随机森林、极端梯度提升、轻梯度提升机和分类提升)来预测基于洪水易感性、海洋气象数据和脆弱性数据的县级直接经济损失(DELs)。这些 ML 模型在 896 个样本的数据集上进行了训练和测试,取得了很高的预测精度,预测值和观测值之间的皮尔逊相关系数超过 0.81。在这四个模型中,轻梯度提升机的性能最佳,达到了最高的 R 值和 R2 值,以及最低的 MSE 值、MAE 值和 MedAE 值。通过与直接纳入环境因素的传统方法进行比较,验证了洪水易感性的整合。此外,所提出的热带气旋风险预测框架还被应用于预测 2018 年超强台风 "曼克胡特 "的影响,说明了其在 "实时 "热带气旋风险评估方面的潜在能力。这些 "实时 "DEL 预测不仅能估计潜在损失,还能促进及时干预,从而提高模型在防灾和救灾方面的实用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of tangible coastal inundation damage related to critical infrastructure and buildings: The case of Mauritius Island 评估沿海洪水对重要基础设施和建筑物造成的有形破坏:毛里求斯岛案例
IF 4.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104909
Storm tides, which combine sea level rise (SLR), astronomical tides, and storm surges generated by tropical cyclones, pose significant threats to coastal zones, leading to flooding and substantial damage to property and infrastructure.There is a clear upward trend in the frequency of storms reaching tropical cyclone strength. A notable example is Cyclone Belal, which struck Mauritius on January 2024, during high tide, causing extensive infrastructure damage. This underscores the importance of conducting risk assessments to identify vulnerable areas and develop risk reduction strategies. However, quantitative risk assessments of storm tides are often challenging due to the lack of long-term projections. To address this, we developed a GIS-based flood model for Mauritius to simulate inundation areas and quantify the assets exposed to flooding. Under current conditions, the estimated damage exposure from extreme coastal flood events with return periods of 50–500 years is significant, with 6.2 % and 27.1 % of the area inundated, respectively. By 2100, damage exposure associated with these events is projected to increase by a factor of 1.1, with minimal variation between sea-level rise scenarios (0.3m). However, by 2200 and 2300, damage exposure is expected to rise by factors of 3.1 and 6.6, respectively. In the worst-case scenario for 2500, Mauritius could experience maximum inundation of 66.3 km2, with buildings covering 5.02 km2 submerged. Additionally, this study presents a detemporalized inundation scenario to assess impacts from any coastal flood event. This approach enables the identification of critical thresholds (1.5 m and 4.5 m) and, beyond which significant increases in damage exposure are likely, and allows for evaluating adaptation strategies against user-defined levels of change, rather than relying solely on predefined scenarios. These findings highlight the urgent need for strategic sectoral interventions to address the widespread consequences of coastal inundation, especially in light of critical thresholds for remedial action.
风暴潮结合了海平面上升(SLR)、天文潮汐和热带气旋产生的风暴潮,对沿海地区构成重大威胁,导致洪水泛滥,对财产和基础设施造成巨大破坏。一个明显的例子是,2024 年 1 月,"贝拉勒 "气旋在涨潮期间袭击了毛里求斯,造成大量基础设施损坏。这凸显了进行风险评估以确定脆弱地区和制定降低风险战略的重要性。然而,由于缺乏长期预测,风暴潮的定量风险评估往往具有挑战性。为解决这一问题,我们为毛里求斯开发了基于地理信息系统的洪水模型,以模拟洪水淹没区域并量化暴露于洪水中的资产。在当前条件下,重现期为 50-500 年的极端沿海洪水事件造成的损失估计很大,分别有 6.2% 和 27.1% 的地区被淹没。预计到 2100 年,这些事件造成的损失将增加 1.1 倍,不同海平面上升方案之间的差异极小(0.3 米)。然而,到 2200 年和 2300 年,损失风险预计将分别增加 3.1 倍和 6.6 倍。在 2500 年的最坏情况下,毛里求斯最大淹没面积为 66.3 平方公里,5.02 平方公里的建筑物被淹没。此外,本研究还提出了一种分时段淹没情景,以评估任何沿海洪水事件的影响。这种方法可以确定临界阈值(1.5 米和 4.5 米),超过这些阈值,损失可能会显著增加,还可以根据用户定义的变化水平评估适应战略,而不是仅仅依赖于预定义的情景。这些研究结果突出表明,迫切需要采取战略性部门干预措施,以应对沿海淹没造成的广泛后果,特别是考虑到补救行动的临界阈值。
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引用次数: 0
Geospatial analysis of alarmingly increasing flood vulnerability and disaster risk within the northeast himalaya region of India 对印度东北部喜马拉雅地区惊人增长的洪水脆弱性和灾害风险的地理空间分析
IF 4.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104920
Geoenvironmetally the eastern part of the Himalaya region is highly vulnerable to flood and other natural disasters as it consists of fragmented and tectonically active geology and geomorphology, very high monsoon rainfall (>360 cm) and subsequent runoff, rugged hilly terrain with high ranges of elevation and slope, dense drainage density etc. Other hand, the unplanned developmental activities keep going and scaling up this vulnerability and risk to floods and other disasters. Addressing this burning issue, a geospatial technology-based case study of the Kohima district, Nagaland state (India), is presented here. The geospatial "technology-based" analyses employed in the study are thematic GIS mapping of flood hazard, vulnerability and risk controlling factors; and performing overlay operation using the AHP model in GIS software to generate spatio-temporal map layers of flood vulnerability and disaster risk. Results reveal that the region is under a high rate of monsoon climate change (increasing temperature, rainfall, rainy days, rainfall events and flood events with an annual rate of 0.35 %, 1.12 %, 0.36 %, 2.67 % and 4 % respectively), land use degradation (increasing built-up area with 0.60 %, annual rate decreasing forest, shrubs and water bodies with 0.80 % accumulated annual rates respectively) and demographic changes (increasing urban as well and rural population density with 0.53–2.10 % and 0.55–2.14 % respectively). Accumulated impacts of climate change, land use degradation and demographic changes causing an increase in flood hazard, vulnerability and disaster risk. Flood hazard zones and vulnerability zones extending with 0.50 % (4.89 km2) and 0.84 % (8.16 km2) annual rates respectively, subsequently the flood risk zones categorized as a moderate, high and very high potential risk, have been spreading out with a yearly rate of 0.07 % (0.65 km2), 0.13 % (1.31 km2) and 0.03 % (0.33 km2) respectively. It decreases the area under low and very low-risk zones by 0.17 % (1.63 km2) and 0.07 % (0.65 km2) annual rates respectively. Following up on these annual rates, the spatial distribution of flood hazard, vulnerability and risk zones for the next decade (2031–2040) have also been projected, revealing alarming situations, if flood disaster risk reduction (F-DRR) measures were not implemented in timely. It is strongly believed that the proposed study will be very useful for district-level planners and administrators to implement sustainable development planning, for the scientific fraternity to enhance their research work in the field of flood disaster management and for individuals for their safety in terms of life and property.
从地质环境来看,喜马拉雅山脉东部地区非常容易遭受洪水和其他自然灾害,因为这里的地质和地貌破碎且构造活跃,季风降雨量(360 厘米)和随后的径流量非常大,丘陵地形崎岖不平,海拔和坡度范围大,排水系统密集等。另一方面,无计划的开发活动持续不断,加剧了洪水和其他灾害的脆弱性和风险。针对这一紧迫问题,本文介绍了一项基于地理空间技术的印度那加兰邦科希马县案例研究。研究中采用的地理空间 "基于技术 "的分析方法是:绘制洪水灾害、脆弱性和风险控制因素的专题地理信息系统地图;在地理信息系统软件中使用 AHP 模型进行叠加操作,生成洪水脆弱性和灾害风险的时空地图层。结果显示,该地区正处于季风气候变化(气温、降雨量、降雨日数、降雨事件和洪水事件分别以每年 0.35 %、1.12 %、0.36 %、2.67 % 和 4 % 的速度增加)、土地利用退化(建筑面积以每年 0.60 %,森林、灌木和水体年均减少率分别为 0.80 %)和人口变化(城市和农村人口密度分别增加 0.53-2.10 % 和 0.55-2.14 %)。气候变化、土地利用退化和人口变化的累积影响导致洪水危害、脆弱性和灾害风险增加。洪水危害区和洪水易发区分别以每年 0.50 %(4.89 平方公里)和 0.84 %(8.16 平方公里)的速度扩大,而被划分为中度、高度和极高度潜在风险的洪水风险区则以每年 0.07 %(0.65 平方公里)、0.13 %(1.31 平方公里)和 0.03 %(0.33 平方公里)的速度扩大。低风险区和极低风险区的面积每年分别减少 0.17 %(1.63 平方公里)和 0.07 %(0.65 平方公里)。根据这些年增长率,还预测了未来十年(2031-2040 年)洪水灾害、脆弱性和风险区的空间分布情况,如果不及时实施洪水灾害风险降低(F-DRR)措施,情况将令人担忧。我们坚信,拟议的研究将非常有助于地区一级的规划者和管理者实施可持续发展规划,有助于科学界加强在洪水灾害管理领域的研究工作,也有助于个人的生命和财产安全。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the effects of time pressure and distracting elements in an Augmented Reality game for emergency preparedness 探索增强现实游戏中时间压力和干扰因素对应急准备的影响
IF 4.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104900
The development of emergency preparedness and response skills is crucial for ensuring individual safety and well-being during natural disasters. Realistic and engaging games can effectively promote these skills. This paper explores the impact of introducing additional game objects as distractors and time pressure on user experience and willingness to prepare for emergencies in an Augmented Reality (AR) game. Additional, distracting game elements and time pressure are included in the game scenario to simulate the cognitive demands and stress experienced in real emergency situations. To investigate the impact of distracting game elements and time pressure, a within-subjects study was conducted with 52 participants who played two different versions of an AR game designed to help locate recommended items for an emergency grab bag. In the first version, participants focused solely on finding the recommended items, while in the second version, distractors and a timer were introduced to emphasize the urgency of packing the bag. The results showed no significant difference in user experience between the two versions. However, the version with time pressure and distractors demonstrated a significant improvement in attitudes and perceived behavioral control regarding immediate actions in response to evacuation warnings. Qualitative feedback from participants supported these effects. These findings suggest new directions for further research and highlight the potential of AR games to enhance emergency response strategies.
培养应急准备和响应技能对于确保自然灾害期间的个人安全和福祉至关重要。逼真且引人入胜的游戏可以有效提高这些技能。本文探讨了在增强现实(AR)游戏中引入额外游戏对象作为干扰因素和时间压力对用户体验和应急准备意愿的影响。在游戏场景中加入了额外的、分散注意力的游戏元素和时间压力,以模拟真实紧急情况下的认知需求和压力。为了研究分散注意力的游戏元素和时间压力的影响,我们对 52 名参与者进行了一项主体内研究,他们玩了两个不同版本的 AR 游戏,游戏的目的是帮助找到应急包的推荐物品。在第一个版本中,参与者只专注于寻找推荐物品,而在第二个版本中,则引入了干扰因素和计时器,以强调打包的紧迫性。结果显示,两个版本的用户体验没有明显差异。不过,有时间压力和分心因素的版本在应对疏散警告时立即采取行动的态度和感知行为控制方面有明显改善。参与者的定性反馈也支持这些效果。这些研究结果为进一步的研究提出了新的方向,并强调了 AR 游戏在增强应急响应策略方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
A methodology to assess and select seismic fragility curves: Calibration from expert survey and fuzzy analysis 评估和选择地震脆性曲线的方法:通过专家调查和模糊分析进行校准
IF 4.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104930
Fragility curves (FCs) are extended decision-making tools for estimating the structural performance of systems exposed to seismic hazards. However, selecting an inappropriate FC can significantly affect the accuracy of loss and damage calculations in seismic risk assessments.
This article enhances the “Select.FC” method, a recently proposed novel approach that allows the selection of FCs with a higher degree of reliability. This method utilizes a multidimensional index incorporating a comprehensive set of variables about various aspects of FCs. A calibration and validation process is conducted on the variable scores of this multidimensional index based on a worldwide survey of experts. The implementation of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method further enhances the objectivity and dependability of the scores calculated from the experts' responses.
The proposed approach not only allows for the evaluation of FCs but also provides a practical tool for researchers. This evaluation of FCs is crucial, as it enhances the accuracy and reliability of seismic vulnerability and risk assessments.
The results obtained from the expert survey and the FAHP reveal several discrepancies between the calibrated new scores assigned to specific variables and those proposed in the original methodology. However, in the aggregate, these discrepancies disappear. Therefore, the “Select.FC” method and its proposed classification of FCs into six categories based on the score obtained in the final multidimensional index seem quite robust regarding important changes in the weights of some of the variables.
脆性曲线(FC)是一种扩展的决策工具,用于估算暴露在地震灾害中的系统的结构性能。然而,在地震风险评估中,选择不合适的易损性曲线会严重影响损失和破坏计算的准确性。本文对 "Select.FC "方法进行了改进,该方法是最近提出的一种新方法,可以选择可靠性更高的易损性曲线。该方法采用了一个多维指数,其中包含一系列有关功能区各个方面的综合变量。在对全球专家进行调查的基础上,对这一多维指数的变量得分进行了校准和验证。模糊分析层次过程(FAHP)方法的实施进一步提高了根据专家答复计算出的分数的客观性和可靠性。专家调查和 FAHP 得出的结果显示,校准后分配给特定变量的新分数与原始方法中提出的分数之间存在一些差异。然而,从总体上看,这些差异消失了。因此,"Select.FC "方法及其根据最终多维指数得分将功能区分为六类的建议,在某些变量的权重发生重大变化时显得相当稳健。
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引用次数: 0
A global (South) collective burden: A systematic review of the current state of climate-related hazards in informal settlements 全球(南方)的集体负担:对非正规住区与气候有关的危害现状的系统审查
IF 4.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104940
Currently, 1 billion residents inhabit informal settlements characterized by a lack of urban services, inadequate housing, insecure land tenure, and heightened vulnerability to climate-related hazards. With minimal governmental support, these communities bear the burden of managing climate risks. This systematic review utilized Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify and synthesize peer-reviewed literature investigating global climate-related hazards in informal settlements over the past 23 years. Search terms included "Informal Settlements OR Slums" AND "Landslide" OR "Heat Stress" OR "Heatwaves " OR "Urban Heat Island" OR "Flooding" OR "Water Scarcity". The review reveals a rising trend in published articles on climate-related hazards in informal settlements, particularly in the last six years. Of the 415 papers identified, the majority (approximately 70 %) focus on flood risk impacts and adaptation measures. We identified six emerging trends, including 1) gender analysis, 2) scaling demographies, 3) adaption actions, 4) transferability, 5) GIS and remote sensing, and 6) building climate resilience. Despite the prevalence of high temperatures in informal settlement areas, studies addressing heat-related hazards, such as heat stress or Urban Heat Island, are underdeveloped. Individuals or households predominantly carry out risk reduction and adaptation efforts, with few transformative, multi-stakeholder initiatives observed. Developing a transferable, community-based climate risk assessment model could significantly enhance resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and disaster risks in informal settlements, emphasizing the need for collaborative, multi-scale strategies.
目前,有 10 亿居民居住在非正规住区,其特点是缺乏城市服务、住房不足、土地使用权无保障以及更容易受到与气候有关的灾害的影响。在政府极少支持的情况下,这些社区承担着管理气候风险的重担。本系统性综述利用 Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库,对过去 23 年来调查全球非正规住区气候相关危害的同行评审文献进行了识别和综合。搜索关键词包括 "非正规住区或贫民窟 "和 "山体滑坡 "或 "热应力 "或 "热浪 "或 "城市热岛 "或 "洪水 "或 "水资源短缺"。审查显示,已发表的关于非正规住区气候灾害的文章呈上升趋势,尤其是在过去六年中。在确定的 415 篇论文中,大多数(约 70%)侧重于洪水风险影响和适应措施。我们发现了六种新趋势,包括:1)性别分析;2)扩大人口规模;3)适应行动;4)可转移性;5)地理信息系统和遥感;6)建设气候复原力。尽管非正规居住区普遍存在高温现象,但针对热相关危害(如热应力或城市热岛)的研究却不充分。个人或家庭主要开展降低风险和适应气候变化的工作,很少有变革性的多利益相关方倡议。开发一个可转让的、基于社区的气候风险评估模型,可以大大提高非正规住区对与气候相关的危害和灾害风险的抵御能力和适应能力,同时强调协作性、多规模战略的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
A dynamic fire risk assessment method for compact historic villages based on the improved FRAME 基于改进型 FRAME 的紧凑型历史古村落动态火灾风险评估方法
IF 4.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104935
There are a large number of high-value heritage sites in the historic villages preserved in the mountainous areas of southern China. These sites are exposed to major fire risks due to their compact layout and wooden building materials. By improving the fire risk assessment method for engineering (FRAME), we proposed a dynamic fire risk assessment method for compact historic villages. On one hand, a balance between universality and pertinence was established regarding the assessment indexes and weighting system by integrating general factors with unique regional factors. On the other hand, a connecting link between prescriptive fire codes and performance-based design adjustments was established through the cyclic operation path of assessment-intervention-reassessment. Xiaozhai village, which has experienced serious fire incidents, was selected as an example. Its original fire risk, established fire interventions, actual fire results, and optimized fire protection plan were compared and analyzed to validate the effectiveness and reliability of the assessment method. This study reveals the correlation between various factors of the village and building fire risk. Among these factors, building proximity, traditional customs, and fire protection layout, which are not included in the original FRAME, have a significant impact on fire risk. The results of this study can serve as a reference for fire prevention in historic villages with similar characteristics worldwide. Additionally, the proposed methodology can provide insights into the development of fire risk assessment methods for various types of historical settlements, thus promoting the sustainable development of built heritage in these settlements.
在中国南方山区保存的历史村落中,有大量高价值的遗产地。这些遗址由于布局紧凑、采用木质建筑材料,面临着较大的火灾风险。通过改进工程火灾风险评估方法(FRAME),我们提出了紧凑型历史村落的动态火灾风险评估方法。一方面,在评估指标和权重体系上,通过整合一般性因素和独特的区域性因素,在普遍性和针对性之间建立了平衡。另一方面,通过 "评估-干预-再评估 "的循环运行路径,建立了规范性防火规范与基于性能的设计调整之间的联系。我们选择了曾发生过严重火灾事故的小寨村为例。通过对其原始火灾风险、既定消防干预措施、实际火灾结果和优化消防方案进行对比分析,验证了评估方法的有效性和可靠性。这项研究揭示了村庄的各种因素与建筑火灾风险之间的相关性。在这些因素中,建筑距离、传统习俗和防火布局等原 FRAME 中未包含的因素对火灾风险有显著影响。本研究的结果可为世界各地具有类似特征的历史村落的火灾预防提供参考。此外,所提出的方法还可为各类历史聚落火灾风险评估方法的开发提供启示,从而促进这些聚落建筑遗产的可持续发展。
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引用次数: 0
Co-defining a user-based desirable future for seismic alert systems with stakeholders: application to martinique, French west indies 与利益相关方共同确定基于用户的地震警报系统的理想未来:在法属西印度群岛马提尼克的应用
IF 4.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104932
Since we cannot predict earthquakes, it is critical to better anticipate them and thus to save time in enabling timely implementation of appropriate protection measures. To this end, several types of tools based on real-time monitoring have been proposed over the past ten years, namely: Operational Earthquake (or Aftershock) Forecasting, (ii) Earthquake Early Warning and (iii) Rapid Response to Earthquakes systems. This paper assesses the opportunity to transfer these three socio-technical systems into operational tools for the territory of Martinique (French West Indies), and more generally for the Lesser Antilles regions.
The research design relies on an user-centered approach based on an in-depth three-steps consultation of stakeholders in the territory of Martinique, by implementing (i) an online survey, (ii) a targeted interview with key actors and finally (iii) a workshop bringing together all stakeholders. This sequential consultation approach enables to start from individual considerations and to progressively refine the diagnosis of the applicability of earthquake alerting tools, first for each type of entity, then for the territory as a whole. Coupled with an analysis of international experience in seismic alerting and the regional context of seismic risk governance, this leads to the elaboration of perspectives at three scales: (i) the local scale of Martinique, (ii) the regional scale of the French West Indies on one hand, and of Lesser Antilles on the other, and (iii) the international scale. In particular, the findings of this study emphasize the need for an “informational continuum” of decision support for practitioners before, during and after the occurrence of earthquakes and their aftershocks. This leads to a reconsideration of Operational Earthquake Forecasting, Earthquake Early Warning and Rapid Response to Earthquakes systems as intrinsically complementary, while not having the same level of operational applicability.
由于我们无法预测地震,因此必须更好地预测地震,从而节省时间,及时采取适当的保护措施。为此,过去十年中提出了几种基于实时监测的工具,即地震(或余震)业务预报,(ii) 地震预警和 (iii) 地震快速反应系统。本文评估了将这三个社会技术系统转化为马提尼克岛(法属西印度群岛)以及更广泛的小安的列斯群岛地区的业务工具的机会。研究设计依赖于以用户为中心的方法,该方法基于对马提尼克岛利益相关者的三步深入咨询,即实施 (i) 在线调查,(ii) 有针对性地采访主要参与者,以及 (iii) 将所有利益相关者聚集在一起的研讨会。这种循序渐进的磋商方法有助于从个体考虑出发,逐步完善对地震预警工具适用性的诊断,首先是针对各类实体,然后是针对整个领土。结合对地震预警方面的国际经验和地震风险治理的地区背景的分析,我们从三个尺度阐述 了观点:(i) 马提尼克岛的地方尺度,(ii) 法属西印度群岛和小安的列斯群岛的地区尺度,(iii) 国际尺度。这项研究的结果特别强调,在地震及其余震发生之前、期间和之后,需要为从业人员 提供 "信息连续体 "决策支持。这就促使我们重新考虑地震业务预报、地震预警和地震快速反应系统,它们在本质上 是互补的,但在业务适用性方面却不尽相同。
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International journal of disaster risk reduction
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