Atomically thin bioelectronics

Tissue-like bioelectronics have emerged as practical, user-friendly and unobtrusive systems for seamless bidirectional integration with the human body. Two-dimensional materials, being led by the prototypical graphene, uniquely fit the task of creating ultrathin and functional interfaces with biological matter. In this Perspective, we comprehensively discuss 2D materials and their electrical, optical, environmental and mechanical properties relevant to bioelectronics. We present examples of 2D material-based bioelectronic devices for tissue interfacing (skintronics) and organ interfacing (organtronics). Importantly, we provide a roadmap for the future development of the field and highlight associated challenges yet to be solved.