Immobilized Pseudomonas spp. for bioremediation of soils contaminated with emerging organic pollutants

Emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) in the environment pose potential threats to ecosystems and human health. Microbial immobilization technology, combining physical and biological remediation, has garnered attention as a promising approach. This review compiles extensive literature on immobilized Pseudomonas spp. on carriers for EOPs treatment, including the Pseudomonas species and its capability to degrade EOPs, advances on microbial immobilization technology and potential applications in controlling soil pollution of EOPs. The immobilized Pseudomonas spp. typically exhibit higher pollutant removal efficiencies and survive for longer lifespans under harsh environmental conditions compared to free cells in the assistance of carrier materials. We conclude with a perspective on potential approaches to advance current understanding of remediation of soils contaminated with EOPs by immobilized Pseudomonas spp.