Recent advances in BiFeO₃-based nanostructures: Properties and applications

Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO₃) is a widely researched multiferroic material that exhibits ferroelectric, antiferromagnetic, and piezoelectric properties at room temperature, making it an exceptional candidate for a range of applications across multiple fields. This review explores the fundamental properties of BiFeO₃-based nanostructures, including their high Curie temperature, significant piezoelectric and photovoltaic responses, and magnetoelectric coupling. The combination of these properties enables BiFeO₃ nanostructures to be utilized in various devices, such as energy harvesting systems, optoelectronic components, and sensors. Applications in photovoltaic devices and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) further demonstrate the material's versatility and potential for innovation. Moreover, advances in thin-film fabrication techniques and interface engineering have led to improved performance and stability in BiFeO₃-based devices. Despite challenges related to carrier mobility, leakage currents, and fabrication complexity, ongoing research continues to enhance the functionality of BiFeO₃ nanostructured materials, driving their adoption in next-generation technologies. This article reviews the current state of research on BiFeO₃ nanostructures, highlighting their properties and optical applications while providing insights into their future potential in both scientific and commercial domains.