Federated finger vein presentation attack detection for various clients

Recently, the application of finger vein recognition has become popular. Studies have shown finger vein presentation attacks increasingly threaten these recognition devices. As a result, research on finger vein presentation attack detection (fvPAD) methods has received much attention. However, the current fvPAD methods have two limitations. (1) Most terminal devices cannot train fvPAD models independently due to a lack of data. (2) Several research institutes can train fvPAD models; however, these models perform poorly when applied to terminal devices due to inadequate generalisation. Consequently, it is difficult for threatened terminal devices to obtain an effective fvPAD model. To address this problem, the method of federated finger vein presentation attack detection for various clients is proposed, which is the first study that introduces federated learning (FL) to fvPAD. In the proposed method, the differences in data volume and computing power between clients are considered. Traditional FL clients are expanded into two categories: institutional and terminal clients. For institutional clients, an improved triplet training mode with FL is designed to enhance model generalisation. For terminal clients, their inability is solved to obtain effective fvPAD models. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted on three datasets, which demonstrate the superiority of our method.