部件层面的材料效率:我们能少用多少金属?

IF 4.3 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-02 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1098/rsta.2023.0245
Julian M Allwood, Omer Music
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引用次数: 0

摘要

全球钢铁和铝的生产是温室气体排放的主要驱动力。各种工艺都有可能使这两种金属的初级生产得以继续,但所有工艺都依赖于无排放的电力或碳储存,而这两种关键资源的全球产能在未来几十年内都将低于需求。因此,零排放钢铁和铝将主要来自回收利用,但供应量将低于需求量。因此,本文首次按部件类型估算了当前金属使用的低效率。结果表明,目前生产的约 80% 的钢材和 90% 的铝液金属可能是不必要的。约 40% 的液态钢和 60% 的液态铝从未用于最终组件,因为它们在制造供应链中被移除。在最终投入使用的金属中,约有三分之一可以通过避免部件规格过高而节省下来。如果金属的性能没有发挥到极限,还可以节省三分之一。这些结果为设计和制造技术的创新提供了具体的机会,其中最优先考虑的是重新思考金属板在建筑中的使用。
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Material efficiency at the component level: how much metal can we do without?

Global production of steel and aluminium is a major driver of greenhouse gas emissions. Various processes might allow continued primary production of the two metals, but all depend on emissions-free electricity or carbon storage, and global capacity of these two key resources will be below demand for decades to come. As a result, zero-emissions steel and aluminium will mainly come from recycling, but supply will be lower than demand. This motivates demand reduction, and for the first time, this article estimates the inefficiency in current metal use by component type. The results demonstrate that around 80% of steel and 90% of aluminium liquid metal produced today may be unnecessary. Around 40% of liquid steel and 60% of liquid aluminium are never used in final components as they are removed along the supply chain of manufacturing. Of the metal that enters final service, approximately one-third could be saved by avoiding component over-specification. A further third could be saved, where the properties of metal are not used to their limits. These results point to specific opportunities for innovation in design and manufacturing technology, of which the highest priority is to re-think the use of sheet metal in construction.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Sustainable metals: science and systems'.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
2.00%
发文量
367
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Continuing its long history of influential scientific publishing, Philosophical Transactions A publishes high-quality theme issues on topics of current importance and general interest within the physical, mathematical and engineering sciences, guest-edited by leading authorities and comprising new research, reviews and opinions from prominent researchers.
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