Low-resource dynamic loading identification of nonlinear system using pretraining

To address the challenge of load identification in nonlinear systems, an audio neural network-based method called WaveNet is proposed that leverages its capability to capture long-term dependencies in mechanical systems, enabling accurate load identification. Unlike traditional dynamic load identification methods that often encounter difficulties with matrix solutions, this approach takes advantage of WaveNet’s capabilities, enhancing both accuracy and efficiency. We integrate pre-training and transfer learning techniques to address the data scarcity challenges often encountered in real-world engineering applications. By transferring features across distributed datasets, this method reduces the dependency on single-task data, thereby improving model robustness. The performance of the WaveNet method is rigorously evaluated against traditional benchmarks such as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) benchmarks under random load conditions applied to a complex structural framework. The proposed method achieves a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.521 and a determination coefficient (R²) of 0.996 in the random load case, demonstrating superior accuracy compared to other approaches. Moreover, its applicability is verified through simulations of both impact load and harmonic load scenarios, showcasing the effectiveness of transfer learning in overcoming domain discrepancies. Finally, the method is tested in random experiments to validate its engineering applicability. The results highlight the significant accuracy improvement in low-resource tasks achieved through pre-training, showcasing the potential and value of the proposed method.