瑞典赫尔辛堡道路交通噪声和空气污染暴露对健康影响的评估(根据密集化前和密集化后的设想方案

IF 3.9 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES City and Environment Interactions Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI:10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100176
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为适应城市化带来的人口增长,一种普遍的解决方案是密集化。然而,这往往会使新建住宅更靠近道路,从而增加噪音和空气污染的暴露。本研究的目的是根据密集化前(2012 年)和密集化后(2030 年)的情景,估算道路交通相关噪声和空气污染对瑞典赫尔辛堡低收入地区(Drottninghög)的健康影响。世卫组织的暴露-反应函数(ERF)用于评估与噪声相关的以下健康结果:烦扰、不良睡眠干扰、缺血性心脏病(IHD)发病率和 IHD 死亡率。空气污染(二氧化氮,NO2)采用高斯扩散模型(AERMODE)进行评估。与二氧化氮相关的健康结果包括自然死亡、小儿哮喘、呼吸道住院和出生体重不足(LBW)。ERF 是通过荟萃分析得出的。根据市政府的规划战略,对 Drottninghög 进行密集化将导致暴露于道路交通噪声的居民比例增加 15%,超过世界卫生组织基于健康的指导值(53 dB(A) Lden)。据估计,受交通噪声严重困扰的居民比例(7.4%-13.9%)和睡眠受到严重干扰的居民比例(3.0%-4.9%)将会显著增加。据估计,人口密度增加后,因噪音导致的心脏病发病率和心脏病死亡率将分别增加 49% 和 44%。据估计,人口密集化后,二氧化氮暴露会略有增加(0.7 微克/立方米),这将导致自然原因死亡率、小儿哮喘、呼吸道住院率和婴儿低体重率估计增加 4-6 %。这样做可以在建筑环境中产生协同效应,促进城市的健康和可持续发展。
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Health impact assessment of exposure to road traffic noise and air pollution according to pre- and post-densification scenarios in Helsingborg, Sweden
A prevalent solution to accommodate population growth due to urbanization is densification. However, this often pushes new residential housing closer to roads, increasing exposure to both noise and air pollution. The present study’s aim was to estimate the health impacts of road traffic-related noise and air pollution for a low-income area (Drottninghög) in Helsingborg, Sweden, according to pre-densification (2012) and post-densification (2030) scenarios.
Road traffic noise was simulated at the façade of residential buildings using the Nordic prediction method, and exposure was assessed using SoundPLAN. Exposure-response functions (ERF) from the WHO were utilized for the following health outcomes associated with noise: annoyance, adverse sleep disturbance, ischemic heart disease (IHD) incidence and IHD mortality. Air pollution (nitrogen dioxide, NO2) was assessed using a Gaussian dispersion model (AERMODE). Health outcomes associated with NO2 included natural cause mortality, pediatric asthma, respiratory hospitalizations and low birth weight (LBW). ERFs were derived from meta-analyses. Health impact assessments were then performed for both scenarios.
Densifying Drottninghög according to the municipality’s planned strategy would lead to a 15 % unit increase in the proportion of residents exposed to road traffic noise above the WHO’s health-based guideline value (53 dB(A) Lden). This was estimated to markedly increase the proportion of residents highly annoyed by traffic noise (7.4–13.9 %) as well as those highly sleep disturbed (3.0–4.9 %). IHD incidence and IHD mortality attributed to noise would increase by an estimated 49 % and 44 %, respectively, post-densification. NO2 exposure was estimated to increase slightly (0.7 µg/m3) post-densification, which would contribute to an estimated 4–6 % increase in natural cause mortality, pediatric asthma, respiratory hospitalization and LBW.
Urban planning initiatives need to consider these prevalent urban environmental exposures and integrate a public health perspective into densification strategies. Doing so can create synergies in the built environment that promote healthy, sustainable cities.
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来源期刊
City and Environment Interactions
City and Environment Interactions Social Sciences-Urban Studies
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
3.00%
发文量
15
审稿时长
27 days
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