下半身负压暴露--月球任务的前景对策

IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Microgravity Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1007/s12217-024-10143-7
Elena Fomina, Pavel Romanov, Anna Burakova, Anna Ganicheva, Natalia Senatorova, Vera Bakhtereva, Maria Kokueva, Irina Alferova, Tatiana Shushunova, Alexey Grishin, Alexandr Vasin, Alexey Polyakov, Zhana Yarmanova, Yegor Lemeshko, Marina Vasilevskaya, Maksim Kharlamov, Oleg Orlov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

根据现有的星际飞行任务方案,月球被视为通往深空的中间基地。为了做好在月球上着陆和工作的准备,必须研究对策在这类飞行任务中的适用性。本文介绍了在短期太空飞行(12 天)期间进行的试点研究的结果。在适应微重力条件的早期阶段,获得了使用下半身负压(LBNP)对策影响的新经验。为了评估下半身负压疗法的效果和航天飞行后人体体能的变化,我们在跑步机、自行车测力计上进行了测试,并进行了星上活动 "快速测试 "的模型任务测试。事实证明,当减压达到-20 毫米汞柱时,心血管系统的调节机制相当有效,这比准备返回地球时的效果要好。在跑步机测试中,航天飞行后达到的速度低于航天飞行前(分别为 13 公里/小时和 15 公里/小时),心血管系统对负荷变化的反应较慢。同时,耗氧量、呼吸频率和肺通气量等生理参数的变化也很小。在自行车测力计测试中,航天飞行后的心率峰值比航天飞行前高,标准运动的生理值有所增加。"快车测试 "显示了返回地球后第一天到第三天的积极动态:完成双重任务、控制非主导手移动的任务以及从仰卧姿势起身的表现都有所改善。因此,对短期飞行后依赖重力的生理系统状态的评估表明,机体功能储备下降,有必要制定适当的对策。这项研究是在从轨道飞行到深空探索的范式转变阶段发展新的医疗控制行动的第一步。
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Lower Body Negative Pressure Exposure—as Perspective Countermeasure for Moon Missions

According to the existing scenarios of interplanetary missions, the Moon is considered as an intermediate base on the way to deep space. In order to prepare for landing and work on the Moon, it is important to study the applicability of countermeasures in such missions. The paper presents the results of a pilot study performed during a short-term spaceflight (12 days). A new experience of using countermeasure impacts of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at the early stages of adaptation to microgravity conditions has been gained. To assess the effectiveness of LBNP and changes in human physical performance after the spaceflight, we conducted tests on a treadmill, a bicycle ergometer, and testing with model tasks of on-planetary activity "express test". Regulatory mechanisms of the cardiovascular system proved to be quite effective when creating decompression up to -20 mm Hg, which is less than in preparation for returning to Earth. In the treadmill test, a lower speed was achieved after the spaceflight than before (13 km/h and 15 km/h, respectively) and cardiovascular system response to the change in load was slower. At the same time changes in such physiological parameters as oxygen consumption, respiratory rate and pulmonary ventilation were minimal. In the bicycle ergometer test, peak heart rate values were higher after the spaceflight than before, the physiological value of the standard exercise increased. «Express test» showed the positive dynamics from the first day to the third after returning to Earth: the performance of a dual task, the task of controlling the movement of the non-leading hand, and getting up from the supine position improved. Thus, assessment of the state of gravity-dependent physiological systems after short-term flight indicates the decrease of functional reserves of the organism and the necessity to develop appropriate countermeasures. The study was one of the first steps in the development of new medical control operations at the stage of paradigm shift from orbital flights to deep space exploration.

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来源期刊
Microgravity Science and Technology
Microgravity Science and Technology 工程技术-工程:宇航
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
44.40%
发文量
96
期刊介绍: Microgravity Science and Technology – An International Journal for Microgravity and Space Exploration Related Research is a is a peer-reviewed scientific journal concerned with all topics, experimental as well as theoretical, related to research carried out under conditions of altered gravity. Microgravity Science and Technology publishes papers dealing with studies performed on and prepared for platforms that provide real microgravity conditions (such as drop towers, parabolic flights, sounding rockets, reentry capsules and orbiting platforms), and on ground-based facilities aiming to simulate microgravity conditions on earth (such as levitrons, clinostats, random positioning machines, bed rest facilities, and micro-scale or neutral buoyancy facilities) or providing artificial gravity conditions (such as centrifuges). Data from preparatory tests, hardware and instrumentation developments, lessons learnt as well as theoretical gravity-related considerations are welcome. Included science disciplines with gravity-related topics are: − materials science − fluid mechanics − process engineering − physics − chemistry − heat and mass transfer − gravitational biology − radiation biology − exobiology and astrobiology − human physiology
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