The low bone mass density in adults with hypertension: A meta-analysis

Objectives

Osteoporosis and hypertension are frequently co-occurring disorders which cause significant challenges to the public health. According to some researches, adult persons with hypertension often have low bone mass density (BMD). However, there are discrepancies in the reported results. Thus, the primary objective of our meta-analysis is to explore the potential link between low BMD and hypertension in adults.

Methods

Two authors systematically carried out a comprehensive review of the available literature on the connection of BMD and hypertension by retrieving PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Embase up to March 2024. The confidence intervals (CIs) and odds ratios (ORs) and were estimated utilising the random effect model. Heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, sensibility analyses and publication bias were performed.

Results

13 studies from the 6080 unique records were analyzed. Pooled analysis revealed that the danger of low BMD was significantly elevated in hypertensive patients than in non-hypertension (OR 1.33, 95 % CI 1.17–1.53, I² = 79.9 %, p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed a more pronounced link between low BMD and hypertension in the untreated hypertension group (OR 1.64, 95 % CI 0.45–6.02) as opposed to the cohort receiving antihypertensive medication (OR 1.32, 95 % CI 1.16–1.51). The studies carried out in Europe were consistent with those of studies conducted in Asia and North America.

Conclusions

Low BMD is associated with hypertension in adults. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether this finding is influenced by shared risk factors, given the considerable heterogeneity between study types and methodologies. Further extensive epidemiological documents are necessary.