美国 5 个城市大麻零售商的邻里人口统计与营销和监管相关因素的关系

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Drug and alcohol dependence Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112471

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的本研究评估了大麻零售商的经营方式在不同社区社会人口统计学方面的差异，从而为与差异相关的干预措施提供信息。方法多层次多变量逻辑回归研究了零售商人口普查区的人口统计学特征（21 岁人口比例；非西班牙裔白人、黑人或其他种族、西班牙裔；在美国 5 个城市/州（科罗拉多州丹佛市、华盛顿州西雅图市、俄勒冈州波特兰市、内华达州拉斯维加斯市、加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市）随机抽取的 150 家零售商中，结合 2022 年有关营销（面向青少年的标识、健康声明、外部广告、特价商品、会员计划、送货/取货）和合规（怀孕和健康风险警告标识、外部最低年龄标识）的审计数据，对零售商的人口统计学特征（21 岁的百分比；非西班牙裔白人、黑人或其他种族、西班牙裔；家庭收入中位数 [MHHI]）进行了分析。结果20.7%的零售商有面向青少年的标识，28.7%有健康声明标识，27.3%有户外广告，75.3%有特价商品，39.3%有会员计划，28.0%有送货/取货服务，72.0%有怀孕警告，38.0%有健康风险警告，64.0%有最低年龄标识。在 21 岁及非西班牙裔白人比例较高的地区，零售商设置青少年导向标识的几率较低。马萨诸塞州住户健康指数越高，健康诉求的几率越高；西班牙裔百分比越高，健康诉求的几率越低。男性、女性和高收入人群比例越高，户外广告出现的几率越低。21 岁以上人口比例越高，价格特惠的几率越低。非西班牙裔白人百分比越高，会员计划的几率越高。非西班牙裔白人、其他种族和西班牙裔比例越高，送货/取货的几率越高；MHHI越高，送货/取货的几率越低。非西班牙裔白人百分比越高，怀孕警告的几率越高。健康风险警告几率较低的是<21%。结论鉴于主要发现（例如，在少数种族/族裔社区，与监管相关的标识较少），大麻零售可能会加剧差异，这强调了相关监管和预防工作的必要性。

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Neighborhood demographics in relation to marketing and regulation-related factors among cannabis retailers in 5 US cities

Objectives

This study assessed differences in cannabis retailer practices by neighborhood sociodemographics, which can inform disparity-relevant interventions.

Methods

Multilevel multivariable logistic regressions examined retailers’ census tract demographics (percent <21 years-old; non-Hispanic White, Black, or other race, Hispanic; median household income [MHHI]) in relation to 2022 audit data regarding marketing (youth-oriented signs, health-claims, exterior ads, price specials, membership programs, delivery/pick-up) and regulatory compliance (pregnancy and health-risk warning signage, exterior minimum-age signage) among 150 randomly-selected retailers in 5 US cities/states (Denver, Colorado; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Las Vegas, Nevada; Los Angeles, California).

Results

20.7 % had youth-oriented signage, 28.7 % health-claim signage, 27.3 % exterior ads, 75.3 % price specials, 39.3 % membership programs, 28.0 % delivery/pick-up, 72.0 % pregnancy warnings, 38.0 % health-risk warnings, and 64.0 % minimum-age signage. Retailers in tracts with higher percent <21 and non-Hispanic White had lower odds of youth-oriented signage. Higher MHHI had higher odds of health-claims; higher percent Hispanic had lower odds of health-claims. Higher MHHI had lower odds of exterior ads. Higher percent <21 had lower odds of price specials. Higher percent non-Hispanic White had higher odds of membership programs. Higher percent non-Hispanic White, other race, and Hispanic had higher odds of delivery/pick-up; higher MHHI had lower odds of delivery/pick-up. Higher percent non-Hispanic White had higher odds of pregnancy warnings. Higher percent <21 had lowers odds of health-risk warnings. Demographics were unrelated to minimum-age signage.

Conclusions

Given key findings (e.g., less regulation-related signage in racial/ethnic minority communities), cannabis retail could exacerbate disparities, underscoring the need for related regulatory and prevention efforts.

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来源期刊

Drug and alcohol dependence 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

7.10%

发文量

409

审稿时长

41 days

期刊介绍： Drug and Alcohol Dependence is an international journal devoted to publishing original research, scholarly reviews, commentaries, and policy analyses in the area of drug, alcohol and tobacco use and dependence. Articles range from studies of the chemistry of substances of abuse, their actions at molecular and cellular sites, in vitro and in vivo investigations of their biochemical, pharmacological and behavioural actions, laboratory-based and clinical research in humans, substance abuse treatment and prevention research, and studies employing methods from epidemiology, sociology, and economics.