Drug and alcohol dependence最新文献

Evaluation of suvorexant effects on alcohol seeking and self-administration in baboons 狒狒对酒精寻求和自我管理的过度影响评价

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113007

Zachary J. Pierce-Messick , Catherine F. Moore , Justin C. Strickland , Elise M. Weerts

Aims

The orexin receptor system is gaining interest as a potential therapeutic target to reduce heavy alcohol drinking. Studies of orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptor antagonists have shown decreased alcohol seeking and self-administration in rodents. This study examined if acute treatment with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant would decrease alcohol seeking and self-administration in a nonhuman primate chronic drinking model.

Methods

Subjects were six baboons with extensive histories of chronic alcohol self-administration under an operant chained schedule of reinforcement. Sessions consisted of three components (modeling alcohol anticipation, seeking, consumption), each with distinct stimuli and behavioral contingencies to gain access to and self-administer alcohol. Suvorexant (0, 0.032, 0.1, 0.32, 0.6, 1.0 mg/kg, p.o.) was acutely administered 60 min before the session. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate suvorexant effects on alcohol seeking (fixed interval [FI] latency and responses) and self-administration (Fixed ratio [FR] responses, alcohol volume and g/kg intake).

Results

No significant effects of acute suvorexant were observed on alcohol seeking (p > .62). A significant effect of suvorexant was observed for self-administration responses (p = .04), but not for alcohol g/kg intake (p = .08). Both outcomes demonstrated a dose-related biphasic curve with a modest decrease in self-administration after 0.1 mg/kg suvorexant and modest increase in self-administration after 1.0 mg/kg suvorexant.

Conclusions

Low dose suvorexant may acutely reduce drinking, but the magnitude of change may not be clinically meaningful. Higher doses of suvorexant may worsen heavy drinking. These data do not support suvorexant use to reduce alcohol intake during ongoing use.

目的食欲素受体系统作为减少大量饮酒的潜在治疗靶点正引起人们的兴趣。食欲素-1和食欲素-2受体拮抗剂的研究表明，啮齿动物的酒精寻求和自我给药减少。本研究考察了在非人类灵长类动物慢性饮酒模型中，双食欲素受体拮抗剂suvorexant的急性治疗是否会减少酒精寻求和自我给药。方法研究对象为6只具有长期酒精自我给药史的狒狒。会议由三个部分组成（模拟酒精预期，寻求，消费），每个部分都有不同的刺激和行为突发事件，以获得和自我管理酒精。治疗前60分钟急性给药（0、0.032、0.1、0.32、0.6、1.0 mg/kg, p.o.）。使用线性混合效应模型来评估过量对酒精寻求（固定间隔[FI]潜伏期和反应）和自我给药（固定比例[FR]反应、酒精量和g/kg摄入量）的影响。结果急性增氧剂对酒精寻求无显著影响（p > .62）。观察到抗抑郁药对自我给药反应的显著影响(p =。04)，但对酒精g/kg摄入量没有影响（p = .08）。两项结果均表现出剂量相关的双相曲线，即0.1 mg/kg过量后自我给药量适度减少，1.0 mg/kg过量后自我给药量适度增加。结论慢剂量增氧剂可明显减少饮酒量，但变化幅度可能不具有临床意义。高剂量的抗暴饮暴食可能会加重酗酒。这些数据不支持在持续使用期间过度使用以减少酒精摄入量。

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引用次数: 0

Baseline electrophysiological markers of reward and error processing are associated with improved outcomes in prize-based contingency management 奖励和错误处理的基线电生理标记与基于奖励的应急管理的改善结果相关。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113003

Sarah E. Forster , Steven D. Forman , Michael Walsh Dickey , Greg J. Siegle , Stuart R. Steinhauer

Background

Veterans are disproportionately affected by cocaine use disorder (CUD), a condition without approved pharmacotherapies, marked by high return to use rates. Prize-Based Contingency Management (PBCM) is an effective behavioral intervention, but treatment response varies. Electrophysiological and cognitive measures may help identify who is likely to benefit from specific PBCM variants. This study evaluates whether neurocognitive profiles predict differential response to monetary versus tangible reward-based PBCM, with the goal of informing measurement-based, personalized treatment.

Methods

Forty-five Veterans with CUD completed EEG and cognitive assessments before randomization to a 12-week treatment trial evaluating PBCM with either tangible or voucher rewards. Manipulation checks validated the measurement approach for candidate neurocognitive predictors. Treatment outcomes were analyzed using longitudinal logistic regression across 24 possible PBCM sessions. A forward selection approach guided model building, and generalizability was assessed using leave-one-out cross-validation.

Results

Manipulation checks confirmed expected neurocognitive effects across tasks. Modeling identified greater anticipatory alpha suppression to tangible reward, larger ERN amplitudes, and lower craving as significant predictors of abstinence. Voucher PBCM, younger age, and earlier timepoints were also associated with better outcomes. Model 1 demonstrated good discrimination (AUC = 0.773), with no added benefit from predictor-by-treatment interactions.

Conclusions

This study highlights the potential of neurocognitive markers associated with PBCM outcomes in Veterans with CUD to inform treatment development and personalization. Baseline features did not predict differential outcomes by reward type; instead, tangible rewards were generally linked to poorer outcomes. Findings therefore also support the broad utility of abstract, voucher-based rewards in PBCM treatment.

背景：退伍军人不成比例地受到可卡因使用障碍（CUD）的影响，这是一种未经批准的药物治疗的情况，其特点是高使用率。基于奖励的应急管理（PBCM）是一种有效的行为干预，但治疗反应各不相同。电生理和认知测量可以帮助确定谁可能从特定的PBCM变异中受益。本研究评估了神经认知特征是否能预测对金钱奖励与基于有形奖励的PBCM的不同反应，目的是为基于测量的个性化治疗提供信息。方法：45名患有CUD的退伍军人在随机分配到一个为期12周的治疗试验之前完成了脑电图和认知评估，该试验评估PBCM的有形或代金券奖励。操作检查验证了候选神经认知预测因子的测量方法。采用纵向逻辑回归分析24个可能的PBCM疗程的治疗结果。前向选择方法指导模型构建，并使用留一交叉验证评估泛化性。结果：操作检查证实了预期的跨任务神经认知效应。模型确定了对有形奖励更大的预期α抑制，更大的神经网络振幅和更低的渴望作为戒断的重要预测因子。代金券PBCM、更年轻和更早的时间点也与更好的结果相关。模型1显示出良好的判别（AUC = 0.773），没有从预测-治疗相互作用中获得额外的好处。结论：本研究强调了与CUD退伍军人PBCM结果相关的神经认知标志物的潜力，为治疗开发和个性化提供了信息。基线特征不能预测不同奖励类型的差异结果；相反，有形奖励通常与较差的结果有关。因此，研究结果也支持抽象的、基于凭证的奖励在PBCM治疗中的广泛应用。

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引用次数: 0

Within-person prospective associations between depressive symptoms, abstinence self-efficacy and smoking cessation following smoking cessation treatment 戒烟治疗后抑郁症状、戒断自我效能和戒烟之间的个人前瞻性关联

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113004

María Ramos-Carro , Rubén Rodríguez-Cano , Carmela Martínez-Vispo , Ana López-Durán , Elisardo Becoña

Background

Abstinence self-efficacy and depressive symptoms have independently been associated with smoking outcomes in previous research. However, their bidirectional relationships with smoking abstinence over time remain underexplored. This study examined bidirectional and prospective associations between depressive symptoms, abstinence self-efficacy, and smoking abstinence from the end of a cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation intervention to 12-month follow-up.

Methods

This study was conducted with 685 adults (62.04 % female; M_age=45.51) who sought smoking cessation treatment at the Smoking Cessation and Addictive Disorders Unit (University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain). Abstinence was defined as not smoking, not even a puff, in the prior 24 h at the end of the intervention and not smoking in the prior 7 days at each follow-up. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model was performed to examine the bidirectional and prospective associations between study variables.

Results

At the within-person level, smoking abstinence at posttreatment and 3-month follow-up predicted greater abstinence self-efficacy and fewer depressive symptoms at 3- and 6-month follow-up, respectively. In contrast, higher abstinence self-efficacy at posttreatment was associated with lower odds of abstinence at 3-month follow-up, and abstinence self-efficacy at 3 months predicted more depressive symptoms at 6 months. Depressive symptoms did not significantly predict abstinence self-efficacy or smoking abstinence in the cross-lagged associations at any time point.

Conclusion

Quitting smoking predicts higher abstinence self-efficacy and lower depressive symptoms after posttreatment, but these effects diminish after 6-month follow-up. Notably, higher levels of abstinence self-efficacy at the end of treatment may increase smoking risk during the first three months postquitting.

背景：在以往的研究中，戒烟自我效能感和抑郁症状与吸烟结果独立相关。然而，随着时间的推移，它们与戒烟的双向关系仍未得到充分研究。本研究调查了从认知行为戒烟干预结束到12个月随访期间抑郁症状、戒烟自我效能和戒烟之间的双向和前瞻性关联。方法：本研究纳入685名成年人（62.04%为女性，年龄45.51岁），他们在戒烟和成瘾性疾病部门（西班牙圣地亚哥德孔波斯特拉大学）寻求戒烟治疗。戒烟的定义是在干预结束前的24小时内不吸烟，甚至不抽一口烟，并且在每次随访前的7天内不吸烟。采用随机截距交叉滞后面板模型来检验研究变量之间的双向和前瞻性关联。结果：在个人水平上，治疗后戒烟和随访3个月戒烟分别预示着戒烟自我效能感的提高和随访3个月和随访6个月时抑郁症状的减少。相比之下，治疗后较高的戒断自我效能与3个月随访时较低的戒断几率相关，3个月的戒断自我效能预示着6个月时更多的抑郁症状。抑郁症状在任何时间点都不能显著预测戒断自我效能或戒烟的交叉滞后关联。结论：戒烟可提高戒断自我效能感，降低抑郁症状，但随访6个月后这些影响减弱。值得注意的是，治疗结束时较高水平的戒烟自我效能可能会增加戒烟后头三个月的吸烟风险。

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引用次数: 0

Does making early evening social plans impact alcohol use outcomes over evening hours? 制定晚间社交计划是否会影响晚上的饮酒结果？

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113005

Sharon Lipperman-Kreda , Christina F. Mair , Paul J. Gruenewald , M. Kristina Wharton , Rachel L. Gunn , Lindy K. Howe

Puropse: This study examined associations of evening plans to engage in different social activities with drinking behaviors and negative consequences experienced over weekend evening hours among underage young adults. Methods: Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data were collected from underage youth (19–20 years) in California in 8 evenings over 4 successive weekends. At 6 pm, participants reported their social (i.e., any social plans tonight) and contextual (i.e., planning to be outside own home tonight) evening plans and whether they planned to drink that evening. They subsequently reported alcohol use and negative consequences within the past two hours at 8 pm, 10 pm, midnight, and the next morning. We used mixed effects logistic and negative binomial models controlling for demographics, history of alcohol use, drinking motives, and weekend day. Analyses were based on data obtained from 230 participants who reported on 1469 evenings. Results: In about 37 % and 46 % of evenings in which participants reported having social plans or plans to be outside own home, they reported no plans to drink alcohol, respectively. Social evening plans were positively associated with subsequent alcohol use (OR=3.312, p < 0.001), the number of drinks consumed (IRR=2.009, p < 0.001), and the number of negative consequences experienced (IRR=1.526, p < 0.05), independent of plans to drink that evening. Having any social evening plans was positively associated with planned (vs. unplanned) drinking (OR=7.080, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Social evening plans may be important determinants of drinking behaviors and negative consequences across evening hours among underage young adults. Results can guide future interventions to reduce heavier drinking and associated harms.

目的：本研究调查了未成年年轻人在周末晚上参加不同社交活动的计划与饮酒行为和负面后果之间的联系。方法：在连续4个周末的8个晚上收集加州未成年青少年（19-20岁）的生态瞬时评价（EMA）数据。在下午6点，参与者报告了他们的社交计划（例如，今晚有什么社交计划）和相关计划（例如，计划今晚离开自己的家），以及他们当晚是否计划喝酒。他们随后报告了在过去两个小时内（晚上8点、10点、午夜和第二天早上）饮酒和负面后果。我们使用混合效应逻辑模型和负二项模型控制人口统计学、酒精使用史、饮酒动机和周末天数。分析基于230名参与者的数据，他们报告了1469个晚上的情况。结果：在37%和46%的参与者报告有社交计划或计划离开自己家的晚上，他们分别报告没有喝酒的计划。社交晚间计划与随后的酒精使用呈正相关（OR=3.312, p）。结论：社交晚间计划可能是未成年年轻人夜间饮酒行为和负面后果的重要决定因素。结果可以指导未来的干预措施，以减少酗酒和相关危害。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing data compatibility in an evolving landscape: Medical cannabis and polysubstance use protocols in the PhenX Toolkit 在不断发展的环境中增强数据兼容性：PhenX工具包中的医用大麻和多物质使用协议。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.113001

Anne Buu , Johannes Thrul , Amanda Bunting , Tamara Haegerich , Wayne Huggins , Christian Hopfer , Denise Vidot , Cataia Ives , Ryan McNeil , Sarah Zemore , Corrie Vilsaint , Elizabeth Fallon , Christine Hill , Carol Hamilton , John Kelly

Introduction

With increasing legalization of medical cannabis and prevalence of polysubstance use in the United States comes the need for standard psychometrically validated measures to study these substances’ health effects in the population. The PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Toolkit (www.phenxtoolkit.org) is a freely accessible catalog of recommended measurement protocols to promote data compatibility across studies, but this extensive catalog did not include measures in these important areas.

Methods

In 2024, a PhenX Working Group of experts followed a well-established consensus process to identify and recommend measurement protocols suitable for inclusion in studies on medical cannabis and polysubstance use. The broader scientific community was invited to review and provide feedback that was considered in the process of finalizing recommendations.

Results

In 2025, the PhenX Toolkit released 15 new medical cannabis and polysubstance use protocols, which assess medical and other cannabis use—including consumption levels, product types, sources, motives, expectancies, medical card status, provider–patient communication, and biochemical validation—as well as polysubstance use patterns and related overdose risk. These protocols complement existing substance-related content in PhenX Toolkit and facilitate future development of knowledge on health effects of cannabis and polysubstance use and clinical guidance on safety or dosing for medical cannabis.

Conclusion

Researchers are encouraged to adopt these measurement protocols, so results across studies can be better compared and combined to efficiently and reliably evaluate the health effects of medical cannabis and polysubstance use. Measures in these domains will continue to be updated as new knowledge is gained.

导言：随着医用大麻的日益合法化和多物质使用在美国的普遍存在，需要标准的心理测量学验证措施来研究这些物质对人口健康的影响。PhenX（表型和暴露的共识测量）工具包（www.phenxtoolkit.org）是一个免费访问的推荐测量方案目录，以促进研究之间的数据兼容性，但这个广泛的目录不包括这些重要领域的测量。方法：2024年，一个PhenX专家工作组遵循了一个完善的共识过程，以确定和推荐适合纳入医用大麻和多物质使用研究的测量方案。更广泛的科学界被邀请审查并提供反馈，这些反馈在最后确定建议的过程中得到了考虑。结果：2025年，PhenX工具包发布了15个新的医用大麻和多物质使用方案，评估了医用和其他大麻的使用情况，包括消费水平、产品类型、来源、动机、预期、医疗卡状态、提供者-患者沟通和生化验证，以及多物质使用模式和相关的过量风险。这些议定书补充了PhenX工具包中现有的与物质有关的内容，并促进了关于大麻和多物质使用对健康影响的知识的未来发展，以及关于医用大麻安全性或剂量的临床指导。结论：鼓励研究人员采用这些测量方案，以便更好地比较和综合各项研究的结果，以有效和可靠地评估医用大麻和多物质使用对健康的影响。这些领域的措施将随着获得新知识而不断更新。

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引用次数: 0

Alcohol-seeking associations with resting state functional connectivity of the amygdala 寻找酒精与静息状态杏仁核功能连接的关联。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112999

Mario Dzemidzic , McKenzie R. Cox , David Haines , James Hays , Mayande K. Mlungwana , Andrea Avena-Koenigsberger , Marian L. Logrip , Joaquin Goni , Jaroslaw Harezlak , Ann E.K. Kosobud , David A. Kareken , Sean O’Connor , Martin H. Plawecki , Melissa A. Cyders

Background

Prolonged alcohol use is associated with neuroadaptations that may contribute to continued alcohol consumption, even in the presence of adverse consequences. Although well studied in preclinical models, the neural mechanisms of aversion-resistant alcohol-seeking in humans are understudied.

Purpose

The goal of this study was to examine whether altered amygdala resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) is a mechanism for how lifetime drinking history and alcohol use disorder symptoms relate with objectively measured neutral and aversion-resistant alcohol-seeking in the human laboratory.

Methods

A sample of 55 adults (age 21–55, mean=32.18 years, 56.4 % female, 60.0 % White) completed two counterbalanced intravenous alcohol progressive-ratio self-administration sessions (pairing alcohol-seeking with aversive or neutral stimuli) and a resting state fMRI scan. Two bilateral a priori amygdala seed regions were selected.

Results

rsFC strength of the left basolateral amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex mediated the relationships between both lifetime alcohol use and alcohol use disorder symptom severity with alcohol-seeking in the aversive session. rsFC between the right centromedial amygdala and occipital regions was associated with, but not specific to, alcohol-seeking during the neutral session; this connectivity mediated the association with alcohol use disorder symptom severity, but not the association with lifetime alcohol use.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence linking the basolateral amygdala to human aversion-resistant alcohol-seeking. Identification of brain mechanisms underlying aversion-resistant alcohol-seeking can facilitate translational research and identify physiological mechanisms of alcohol use disorder progression.

背景：长期饮酒与神经适应有关，这可能导致持续饮酒，即使存在不良后果。尽管在临床前模型中得到了很好的研究，但对人类厌恶抵抗酒精寻求的神经机制研究不足。目的：本研究的目的是研究改变的杏仁核静息状态功能连接（rsFC）是否是终身饮酒史和酒精使用障碍症状与人类实验室客观测量的中性和厌恶抵抗性酒精寻求相关的机制。方法：55名成年人（年龄21-55岁，平均32.18岁，56.4%女性，60.0%白人）完成了两次平衡静脉酒精渐进比例自我给药（将酒精寻求与厌恶或中性刺激配对）和静息状态fMRI扫描。选择两个双侧先验杏仁核种子区。结果：左侧基底外侧杏仁核和前扣带回背侧皮质的rsFC强度介导了终生酒精使用和酒精使用障碍症状严重程度与厌恶期酒精寻求的关系。在中性时段，右侧杏仁核中央内侧和枕部区域之间的rsFC与酒精寻求有关，但并非特定于此；这种连通性介导了与酒精使用障碍症状严重程度的关联，但与终生酒精使用无关。结论：本研究提供的证据表明，基底外侧杏仁核与人类抵抗性酒精寻求有关。确定厌恶抵抗性酒精寻求的大脑机制可以促进转化研究，并确定酒精使用障碍进展的生理机制。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring drug checking services for people who use drugs: Pre-implementation study 探索为吸毒者提供药物检查服务：实施前研究。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112986

Whitney Ludwig , Kaitlyn Jaffe , Steve Alsum , Mary Dwan , Robert Ploutz-Snyder , Clayton Shuman , Chin Hwa (Gina) Dahlem

Background

The growing proportion of adulterants in the street drug supply has increased overdose risk and other negative health outcomes for people who used drugs (PWUD). Though useful, single-item test strips (ie fentanyl), are limited in their ability to identify multiple drugs in one drug sample. Thus, community-based drug checking services (DCS) using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are being adopted as an overdose prevention strategy. To inform the pre-implementation of Michigan’s first DCS using FTIR, we sought to understand facilitators and barriers to FTIR among potential participants at a local harm reduction agency.

Methods

Potential DCS participants were recruited (n = 25) into three focus groups (n = 8–9) and one individual interview. Semi-structured interview guides informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) were used. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed and rapid thematic qualitative analysis was conducted. Themes were developed to inform DCS implementation within CFIR domains with relevant constructs displayed in summary matrices.

Results

Participants’ main concern was being targeted by police when utilizing FTIR. Additional barriers included concerns about confidentiality, testing wait time, and negative community perceptions. Key facilitators were trusted staff, sharing FTIR information via PWUD social networks, and efforts to increase participant service access with extended hours. Participants felt FTIR would be a valuable resource to support safer drug use, increase autonomy, and help prevent overdose by providing information about drug contents.

Conclusions

DCS can inform PWUD and the public of dangerous analogues in the drug supply, increase autonomy to make informed decisions, and reduce overdose risk.

背景：街头毒品供应中掺假成分的比例不断增加，增加了吸毒过量的风险和对吸毒者（PWUD）的其他负面健康后果。虽然单项试纸（如芬太尼）很有用，但在一种药物样本中识别多种药物的能力有限。因此，使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）的社区药物检查服务（DCS）正在被采用作为过量预防策略。为了为密歇根州首个使用FTIR的DCS的预实施提供信息，我们试图了解当地一家减少危害机构的潜在参与者中FTIR的促进因素和障碍。方法：招募潜在的DCS参与者（n = 25），分为三个焦点组（n = 8-9）和一个单独访谈。采用了由实施研究综合框架（CFIR）提供的半结构化访谈指南。对焦点小组进行录音、转录，并进行快速专题定性分析。开发主题是为了通知CFIR域中的DCS实现，并在摘要矩阵中显示相关结构。结果：参与者在使用FTIR时主要担心被警察盯上。其他障碍包括对保密性、测试等待时间和社区负面看法的担忧。关键的推动者是值得信赖的工作人员，通过PWUD社交网络分享FTIR信息，并努力通过延长工作时间来增加参与者的服务访问。与会者认为，FTIR将是一种宝贵的资源，可以支持更安全的药物使用，增加自主权，并通过提供有关药物成分的信息来帮助防止过量使用。结论：DCS可以向PWUD和公众通报药品供应中的危险类似物，增加做出知情决策的自主权，降低用药过量风险。

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引用次数: 0

Rethinking acute nicotine self-administration in inhaled tobacco products: A randomized clinical trial with ENDS in young adults 重新思考吸入烟草制品中尼古丁的急性自我给药：一项针对年轻人的随机临床试验。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112998

Mario El Hourani, Soha Talih, Rola Salman, Nareg Karaoghlanian, Eliana Hanna, Rachel El Hage, Alan Shihadeh

Background

Puffing behavior is often interpreted through a nicotine titration model, which posits that individuals adjust puffing to achieve the central nervous system effects of nicotine. This model has been invoked frequently to explain the phenomenon of “compensation,” in which people increase puffing intensity when using reduced-nicotine products. However, puffing patterns may also be governed by sensory feedback in the upper airways. This study tests that hypothesis using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as a model.

Design

Within-subject, double-blind clinical study using a puff-by-puff switching protocol.

Setting

Clinical Aerosol Technology Lab, American University of Beirut; December 2024.

Interventions

Ten adults who consume both ENDS and cigarettes completed three randomized directed puffing bouts during a single clinical lab visit. In each bout, they alternated puffs between two identical ENDS devices differing by one design factor: (1) power (20 W vs 40 W, 0 mg/ml nicotine); (2) power (20 W vs 40 W, matched nicotine flux); (3) PG:VG ratio (30:70 vs 70:30).

Outcomes

Puff topography and sensory feedback (mouthful, draw effort, throat hit) measured on a puff-by-puff basis.

Results

Puff duration responded immediately and reversibly to changes in sensory feedback. At higher power, participants reported stronger mouthful, easier draw, and took shorter puffs regardless of nicotine content (p < .05). At matched flux, computed nicotine dose was lower at 40 W than 20 W (p < .01). PG:VG effects were also significant.

Conclusions

Puffing behavior appears to be driven by sensory cues, not delayed nicotine effects—highlighting an underused regulatory pathway: targeting product design features that shape perception.

背景：吸烟行为通常通过尼古丁滴定模型来解释，该模型假设个体通过调节吸烟来达到尼古丁对中枢神经系统的影响。这个模型经常被用来解释“补偿”现象，即人们在使用尼古丁含量降低的产品时增加了吸烟的强度。然而，充气模式也可能由上呼吸道的感觉反馈控制。本研究以电子尼古丁传递系统（ENDS）为模型验证了这一假设。设计：受试者内，双盲临床研究，采用逐泡切换方案。单位：贝鲁特美国大学临床气溶胶技术实验室；2024年12月。干预措施：在一次临床实验室访问中，10名既使用ENDS又吸烟的成年人完成了三次随机定向雾化试验。在每一回合中，他们在两个相同的ENDS设备之间交替抽烟，这两个设备的设计因素不同：(1)功率（20瓦vs 40瓦，0毫克/毫升尼古丁）；(2)功率（20W vs 40W，匹配烟碱通量）；PG:VG比率（30:70 vs 70:30）。结果：在每一口的基础上测量呼吸地形和感觉反馈（一口，用力，喉咙撞击）。结果：呼吸持续时间对感觉反馈的变化有立即可逆的反应。在更高的功率下，参与者报告说，不管尼古丁含量如何，他们的一口更强，更容易抽，吸的时间更短(p结论：吸烟行为似乎是由感官线索驱动的，而不是延迟的尼古丁效应——强调了一个未被充分利用的调节途径：针对塑造感知的产品设计特征。

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引用次数: 0

Reciprocal effects between illicit drug use and mental health conditions among healthcare workers in Sweden: A one-year follow-up study 瑞典卫生保健工作者非法药物使用与精神健康状况之间的相互影响：一项为期一年的随访研究。

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112997

Josefina Peláez Zuberbuhler , Emelie Thern , Siw Tone Innstrand , Marit Christensen , Bodil J. Landstad , Malin Sjöström , Devy L. Elling , Emma Brulin

Background

Research suggests a comorbidity between illicit drug use and mental health conditions. However, it remains unclear whether illicit drug use serves as a risk factor for, or a consequence of, mental health conditions in healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to 1) examine the prevalence of illicit drug use among HCWs in Sweden and 2) investigate the bidirectional relationship between illicit drug use and mental health conditions(i.e., depression and burnout).

Methods

Data from the 2022 and 2023 Longitudinal Occupational Health Survey in Healthcare Sweden (LOHHCS) were used. The data included 3280 HCWs (50.3 % physicians and 49.7 % nurses). Questionnaires assessed illicit drug use frequency, burnout complaints (BAT-12), and depression (SCL-CD6). Cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) were used to examine the reciprocal relationships over the two studied time-points between illicit drug use and mental health conditions.

Results

The prevalence of illicit drug use in 2022 was 1.3 %, which increased slightly to 1.6 % one and a half years later, in 2023. Using two-wave panel data, results revealed a bidirectional effect between illicit drug use and burnout. However, while depression was associated with subsequent illicit drug use, the reversed association was not observed.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that illicit drug use plays different roles in relation to burnout and depression among healthcare workers. This highlights the importance of integrated treatment strategies and preventive measures that address both illicit drug use and mental health conditions—especially burnout—simultaneously.

背景：研究表明，非法药物使用与精神健康状况之间存在共病。然而，目前尚不清楚非法药物使用是卫生保健工作者精神健康状况的风险因素还是后果。本研究旨在1)检查瑞典卫生保健工作者中非法药物使用的流行程度；2)调查非法药物使用与精神健康状况（即精神健康状况）之间的双向关系。抑郁和倦怠)。方法：使用2022年和2023年瑞典卫生保健纵向职业健康调查（LOHHCS）的数据。数据包括3280名医护人员（50.3%为医生，49.7%为护士）。问卷评估了非法药物使用频率、倦怠投诉（BAT-12）和抑郁（SCL-CD6）。交叉滞后面板模型（clpm）用于检查在两个研究时间点上非法药物使用与精神健康状况之间的相互关系。结果：2022年的非法药物使用率为1.3%，一年半后的2023年略有上升至1.6%。使用双波面板数据，结果揭示了非法药物使用与倦怠之间的双向效应。然而，虽然抑郁症与随后的非法药物使用有关，但没有观察到相反的关联。结论：这些研究结果表明，非法药物使用在医护人员的职业倦怠和抑郁中起着不同的作用。这突出了综合治疗战略和预防措施的重要性，既要处理非法药物使用问题，又要同时处理精神健康状况，特别是精神衰竭问题。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics of family, friends, and significant others affected by another’s alcohol or other drug use in Australia and correlates of help-seeking 在澳大利亚，受他人酒精或其他药物使用影响的家人、朋友和重要他人的特征以及寻求帮助的相关性

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112996

Clare M. Rushton, Alison K. Beck, Peter J. Kelly, Philippa Coleman, Briony Larance

Background

Supporting families, friends, and significant others (hereafter ‘families’) affected by a loved one’s (hereafter ‘Person’s’) alcohol and drug (AOD) use can improve family wellbeing. However, little is known about families’ help-seeking patterns. This study aimed to describe characteristics and explore correlates of accessing support among affected families.

Methods

An online cross-sectional survey conducted between September-2023 and August-2024 of N = 1756 English-speaking Australian residents, aged > 18, identifying as affected by a loved one’s AOD use. Data collected included sociodemographics, psychological wellbeing indicators, and help-seeking, analysed using summary statistics and logistic regressions.

Results

Participants (1433/1569; 91.3 % female), were mostly partners (621/1756; 35.4 %). Seventy-one percent (1159/1633) were concerned about their Person’s alcohol use, followed by methamphetamines (n = 210; 12.9 %). Participants reported being concerned about their Person’s AOD use for a median of 9.5 years (SD=10.1). Fifty-four percent (816/1510) of participants (affected families) reported high-very high psychological distress, 22.7 % (345/1521) reported recent suicidal ideation, 14.8 % (192/1299) reported risky alcohol use and 19.7 % (257/1305) recently used illicit drugs. Participants who accessed specialised family-AOD support (419/1228; 34.1 %) were more likely older (65 +; Adj.OR=1.47; 95 %CI[1.03, 2.10]), less likely to reside with their Person (Adj.OR=0.72; 95 %CI[0.55, 0.96]) and to report their own risky drinking (Adj.OR=0.53; 95 %CI[0.35, 0.80]), and more likely to report their Person accessed AOD treatment (Adj.OR=1.85; 95 %CI[1.33, 2.56]).

Conclusions

The results highlight elevated distress, suicidality and substance use among affected families and their delayed access to predominantly non-specialised support. Greater investment in community-health campaigns and specialised services is required to ensure provision of timely and tailored support.

支持受亲人（个人）酒精和药物（AOD）使用影响的家庭、朋友和重要的其他人（以下简称“家庭”）可以改善家庭幸福。然而，人们对家庭的求助模式知之甚少。本研究旨在描述受影响家庭获得支持的特征并探讨相关关系。方法在2023年9月至2024年8月期间，对1756名年龄在18岁、说英语的澳大利亚居民进行了一项在线横断面调查，他们认为自己受到亲人使用AOD的影响。收集的数据包括社会人口统计、心理健康指标和求助情况，并使用汇总统计和逻辑回归进行分析。结果参与者（1433/1569人，女性91.3%）以伴侣为主（621/1756人，35.4%）。71%（1159/1633）的人担心自己的酒精使用，其次是甲基苯丙胺（n = 210; 12.9%）。参与者报告说，他们对自己的AOD使用的担忧中位数为9.5年（SD=10.1）。54%（816/1510）的参与者（受影响家庭）报告高-非常高的心理困扰，22.7%（345/1521）报告最近有自杀意念，14.8%（192/1299）报告危险饮酒，19.7%（257/1305）报告最近使用非法药物。获得专门的家庭AOD支持的参与者（419/1228;34.1%）更可能是老年人（65岁以上；adjj . or =1.47; 95% CI[1.03, 2.10]），更不可能与他们的个人一起生活（adjj . or =0.72; 95% CI[0.55, 0.96]），更不可能报告他们自己的危险饮酒（adjj . or =0.53; 95% CI[0.35, 0.80]），更可能报告他们的个人获得AOD治疗（adjj . or =1.85; 95% CI[1.33, 2.56]）。结论：研究结果表明，受影响家庭的痛苦程度、自杀倾向和药物使用增加，以及他们获得非专业支持的时间延迟。需要加大对社区卫生运动和专门服务的投资，以确保提供及时和有针对性的支持。

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引用次数: 0