Drug and alcohol dependence最新文献

Does implementation of office based addiction treatment by a nurse care manager increase the duration of OUD treatment in primary care? A secondary analysis of the PROUD randomized control trial 由护士护理经理实施基于诊室的成瘾治疗是否会延长初级保健中的 OUD 治疗时间？PROUD 随机对照试验的二次分析。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112497

Zoe M. Weinstein , Onchee Yu , Paige D. Wartko , Jeffrey H. Samet , Jennifer F. Bobb , Jordan M. Braciszewski , Julia H. Arnsten , Mark T. Murphy , Viviana E. Horigian , Angela L. Stotts , Donna Beers , Katharine Bradley

Background

Implementation of office-based addiction treatment (OBAT) by nurse care managers increases overall use of OUD medication, but it is unknown whether it increases treatment duration among treated patients.

Methods

The Primary Care Opioid Use Disorders Treatment (PROUD) trial was a pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial testing whether implementation of OBAT increased OUD treatment in 12 primary care clinics in 6 systems. One of 2 clinics per system was randomized to implement OBAT (intervention), the other, usual care (UC). We evaluated treatment duration for the 3 years after nurses began seeing patients at clinics randomized to intervention vs. UC. The primary sample included patients newly initiating OUD medication; the secondary sample included patients with ongoing OUD medication. The primary outcome was percentage of days with OUD medications after treatment initiation, modeled using linear generalized estimating equations (GEE). Modified Poisson GEE models assessed secondary outcomes (≥80 % of days covered, ≥6 months on treatment).

Results

In adjusted analyses, the mean difference between intervention and UC in percent days treated was 6.3 % (95 % CI −9.6 %, 22.1 %) in the primary sample and 2.3 % (95 % CI −36.4 %, 31.8 %) in the secondary sample. There was no significant difference in treatment duration between intervention and UC patients in either primary or secondary outcomes.

Conclusions

Implementation of OBAT in this trial did not measurably increase duration of medication treatment among those treated for OUD compared to UC, suggesting that benefits of OBAT, at least in this trial, largely reflect increases in treatment access.

背景：由护士护理经理实施基于诊室的成瘾治疗（OBAT）可提高 OUD 药物的总体使用率，但是否能延长接受治疗患者的治疗时间尚不得而知：由护士护理经理实施基于诊室的成瘾治疗（OBAT）会增加 OUD 药物的总体使用量，但是否会延长接受治疗患者的治疗时间尚不清楚：初级保健阿片类药物使用障碍治疗（PROUD）试验是一项务实的分组随机试验，测试在 6 个系统的 12 个初级保健诊所实施 OBAT 是否会增加 OUD 治疗。每个系统的两家诊所中，一家诊所被随机分配实施 OBAT（干预），另一家诊所被分配实施常规护理（UC）。我们评估了护士开始为随机干预与常规护理诊所的患者看病后 3 年的治疗持续时间。主要样本包括新开始接受 OUD 药物治疗的患者；次要样本包括正在接受 OUD 药物治疗的患者。主要结果是开始治疗后使用 OUD 药物的天数百分比，使用线性广义估计方程 (GEE) 建立模型。修正泊松 GEE 模型评估次要结果（覆盖天数≥80%，治疗时间≥6 个月）：在调整分析中，干预和 UC 在治疗天数百分比上的平均差异在一级样本中为 6.3 %（95 % CI -9.6 %，22.1 %），在二级样本中为 2.3 %（95 % CI -36.4 %，31.8 %）。在主要结果和次要结果中，干预患者和UC患者的治疗时间均无明显差异：结论：与 UC 相比，在本试验中实施 OBAT 并未显著延长 OUD 患者的药物治疗时间，这表明 OBAT 的益处，至少在本试验中，主要反映了治疗机会的增加。

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引用次数: 0

Revisiting the alcohol-aggression link: The impact of alcohol consumption patterns 重新审视酒精与攻击之间的联系：酒精消费模式的影响。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112496

Maayan Nagar , Sharon Rabinovitz

Laboratory studies have repeatedly reported a link between alcohol and aggression, yet many rely on single-dose administration methods and overlook variations in alcohol consumption patterns. The present study investigates the effects of alcohol on aggressive behavior using a double-blind, placebo-controlled cumulative drinking administration approach that mirrors the natural drinking behaviors often observed in pubs within a laboratory setting. This study also pioneers the examination of how alcohol consumption patterns (light or heavy) moderate the relationship between precise Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC) levels and extreme aggressive behavior. Seventy-five individuals who drink alcohol lightly (N=38) and heavily (N=37) were randomly assigned to alcohol (N=33) or placebo (N=42) conditions. Participants drank four drinks successively. Taylor's aggression paradigm was completed twenty minutes after each drink. Multilevel modeling was applied to analyze the effects of precise BrAC and account for within-person variability. Alcohol showed a dose-dependent effect on aggression; as alcohol levels rose, so did aggression (p<.001). Alcohol consumption pattern moderated the effect of cumulative BrAC on aggression, such that the effect was more substantial for as compared with individuals who drink lightly (p=.03). The current study highlights the moderating role of alcohol consumption pattern in the association between precise BrAC levels and extreme aggression, offering insights into individual differences in susceptibility to alcohol-induced aggression, and supporting the I³ meta-theory (Finkel, 2014). The Findings underscore the importance of investigating the interplay between acute and chronic alcohol use on behavior, challenging conventional thresholds for hazardous drinking classification. Implications for future studies, legislators, and policymakers are discussed.

实验室研究多次报道了酒精与攻击行为之间的联系，但许多研究依赖于单剂量给药方法，忽略了酒精消费模式的变化。本研究采用一种双盲、安慰剂对照的累积饮酒给药方法，在实验室环境中模拟在酒吧经常观察到的自然饮酒行为，研究酒精对攻击行为的影响。这项研究还率先探讨了酒精消费模式（轻度或重度）如何调节精确的呼气酒精浓度（BrAC）水平与极端攻击行为之间的关系。75 名轻度（38 人）和重度（37 人）饮酒者被随机分配到酒精（33 人）或安慰剂（42 人）条件下。参与者连续饮用四杯酒。每次饮酒二十分钟后完成泰勒攻击范式。采用多层次模型分析了精确 BrAC 的影响，并考虑了人体内的变异性。酒精对攻击行为的影响呈剂量依赖性；随着酒精水平的升高，攻击行为也随之升高（P3 元理论（Finkel，2014 年））。研究结果强调了调查急性和慢性饮酒对行为的相互影响的重要性，对传统的危险饮酒分类阈值提出了挑战。研究还讨论了对未来研究、立法者和政策制定者的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Frequency of supervised consumption service use and acute care utilization in people who inject drugs 注射吸毒者使用监督消费服务的频率和急症护理利用率。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112490

Ayden I. Scheim , Zachary Bouck , Zoë R. Greenwald , Vicki Ling , Shaun Hopkins , Matt Johnson , Ahmed Bayoumi , Tara Gomes , Dan Werb

Background

Supervised consumption service (SCS) use among people who inject drugs may reduce acute care utilization; however, prior studies have been limited by self-reported outcomes and dichotomous exposures.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study using linked questionnaire and health administrative data among people who inject drugs in Toronto, Canada (2018–2020). Baseline SCS use frequency was defined by a participant’s self-reported proportion of injections performed at an SCS over the past six months: “all/most” (≥75 %), “some” (26–74 %), “few” (1–25 %), or “none” (0 %). Outcomes measured over the following six months included: emergency department (ED) visits; hospitalizations; ED visits or hospitalizations for opioid-related overdose; and hospitalizations for injection-related infections. The relative effects of varying SCS use levels on study outcomes were estimated using inverse-probability-weighted negative binomial regression models.

Results

Of 467 participants, 25.5 %, 30.4 %, 28.7 %, and 15.4 % respectively reported “all/most”, “some”, “few”, and “none” levels of SCS use at baseline. SCS use frequency was not significantly associated with ED visits, hospitalizations, or hospitalizations for injection-related infections. Participants reporting “some” SCS use had a higher rate of ED visits or hospitalizations for opioid-related overdose (versus “few”; rate ratio=2.30, 95 % confidence interval=1.15–4.61).

Conclusions

SCS use had little impact on objectively measured acute care utilization, which was high overall. Although preventing overdose mortality is the primary goal of SCS in Canada, resourcing sites to support their clients’ acute healthcare needs may help build a continuum of care for people experiencing marginalization who inject drugs.

背景：在注射吸毒者中使用监督消费服务（SCS）可减少急诊使用率；然而，先前的研究受到自我报告结果和二分法暴露的限制：在注射吸毒者中使用监督消费服务（SCS）可能会减少急症护理的使用；然而，之前的研究受到自我报告结果和二分法暴露的限制：我们利用加拿大多伦多注射吸毒者的关联问卷和健康管理数据开展了一项前瞻性队列研究（2018-2020 年）。基线SCS使用频率由参与者自我报告的过去6个月在SCS进行注射的比例来定义："全部/大部分"（≥75%）、"部分"（26-74%）、"很少"（1-25%）或 "无"（0%）。随后 6 个月的结果包括：急诊室就诊；住院；因阿片类药物过量而急诊室就诊或住院；因注射相关感染而住院。使用反概率加权负二项回归模型估算了不同SCS使用水平对研究结果的相对影响：在 467 名参与者中，分别有 25.5%、30.4%、28.7% 和 15.4% 在基线时报告 "全部/大部分"、"一些"、"少数 "和 "无 "使用 SCS。SCS使用频率与急诊室就诊、住院或注射相关感染住院无明显关联。报告 "部分 "使用SCS的参与者因阿片类药物过量（与 "少量 "相比；比率比=2.30，95%置信区间=1.15-4.61）而到急诊室就诊或住院的比例较高：使用 SCS 对客观测量的急症护理利用率影响甚微，总体利用率较高。虽然防止吸毒过量死亡是加拿大开展 "社区支持服务 "的主要目标，但为各服务点提供资源以支持其客户的急性医疗保健需求，可能有助于为注射毒品的边缘化人群建立持续的医疗保健服务。

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引用次数: 0

Selective dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist (±)VK4-40 reduces the reinforcing strength of d-amphetamine but not cocaine in rhesus monkeys responding under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement 选择性多巴胺D3受体部分激动剂(±)VK4-40能降低d-苯丙胺的强化强度，但不能降低可卡因对猕猴的强化强度。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112494

Mia I. Allen , Emory A. Lewis , Jianjing Cao , Amy Hauck Newman , Michael A. Nader

Background

Although countless studies have aimed to identify and test novel therapeutics for stimulant misuse, there are still no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for stimulant use disorders. One potential treatment target is the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and studies in rodents have suggested that the novel D3R partial agonist (±)VK4–40 may be effective at decreasing cocaine self-administration. However, no previous studies have examined the efficacy of (±)VK4–40 in reducing cocaine self-administration in nonhuman primates nor the generality of effects by examining self-administration of other stimulants using a within-subjects design.

Methods

Experiment 1 examined how acute treatment with (±)VK4–40 (1.7–3.0 mg/kg, i.v.) influenced cocaine and d-amphetamine self-administration in three rhesus monkeys responding under a progressive-ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement. In Experiment 2, the reinforcing effects of (±)VK4–40 were evaluated under a PR schedule and compared to cocaine and d-amphetamine.

Results

When given as a pretreatment, (±)VK4–40 significantly reduced the reinforcing strength of d-amphetamine but not cocaine. In general, the effects of (±)VK4–40 on d-amphetamine responding were parallel downward shifts in the self-administration dose-response curve. When (±)VK4–40 was substituted for cocaine, it functioned as a reinforcer in 2 of 3 monkeys. However, the reinforcing strength of (±)VK4–40 was significantly lower than cocaine and d-amphetamine, suggesting lower potential for misuse.

Conclusions

Overall, these findings support further exploration of D3R partial agonists, including (±)VK4–40, for treatment of d-amphetamine misuse or potentially in combination with d-amphetamine for treatment of cocaine use disorder.

背景：尽管有无数研究旨在确定和测试治疗兴奋剂滥用的新型疗法，但目前仍没有针对兴奋剂使用障碍的药物疗法获得美国食品和药物管理局的批准。一个潜在的治疗靶点是多巴胺 D3 受体（D3R），对啮齿类动物的研究表明，新型 D3R 部分激动剂 (±)VK4-40 可有效减少可卡因的自我给药。然而，以前的研究还没有考察过(±)VK4-40在减少非人灵长类可卡因自我给药方面的功效，也没有通过使用受试者内设计考察其他兴奋剂的自我给药来考察其效果的普遍性：实验1考察了(±)VK4-40（1.7-3.0mg/kg，静脉注射）的急性治疗如何影响三只恒河猴在累进比率（PR）强化计划下的可卡因和d-苯丙胺自我给药。在实验2中，(±)VK4-40的强化作用在PR计划下进行了评估，并与可卡因和d-苯丙胺进行了比较：结果：作为预处理给药，(±)VK4-40能显著降低d-苯丙胺的强化强度，但不能降低可卡因的强化强度。一般来说，(±)VK4-40对d-苯丙胺反应的影响是自我给药剂量-反应曲线平行下移。当用(±)VK4-40替代可卡因时，它对3只猴子中的2只起强化作用。然而，(±)VK4-40的强化强度明显低于可卡因和d-苯丙胺，这表明滥用的可能性较低：总之，这些研究结果支持进一步探索包括(±)VK4-40在内的D3R部分激动剂用于治疗d-苯丙胺滥用，或与d-苯丙胺联合用于治疗可卡因使用障碍。

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引用次数: 0

The relationship between young people, social media use and alcohol use: A prospective cohort study 年轻人、社交媒体使用和饮酒之间的关系：一项前瞻性队列研究。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112478

Brandon Cheng , Carmen C.W. Lim , Juliane Pariz Teixeira , Matthew J. Gullo , Gary C.K. Chan , Jason P. Connor

Background and aims

Social media use is now a significant part of modern daily life. Little is known about how social media impacts young peoples’ drinking behaviours and drinking-related consequences. This cohort study aims to explore the prospective relationship between social media use and future drinking.

Methods

1473 alcohol naïve young people, who at Wave 5 (aged 12–13 years) reported no lifetime alcohol use, were included (social media use, peer alcohol use, and covariates were also reported at Wave 5). At Wave 8 (aged 17–18 years), participants reported alcohol use outcomes, including age of drinking initiation, past month and past week risky consumption (>10 drinks/week), and problem drinking (alcohol-related troubles, injuries, and fights).

Results

After controlling for factors known to be associated with alcohol use in young people and applying a conservative significance level (α =.01), results revealed that children who engaged in almost daily social media use at ages 12–13 later reported a younger age of drinking onset (β = −0.56, 95 % CI = −0.74, −0.39, p <.001) and greater problem drinking (β = 0.48, 95 % CI = 0.13, 0.83, p =.008) at ages 17–18, compared to those who never used social media at ages 12–13. Early social media use was not associated with odds of subsequent past-month alcohol use or risky alcohol consumption.

Conclusion

Young peoples’ social media use was associated with future drinking behaviours, prompting the need for preventative measures to acknowledge the salient impacts of social media.

背景和目的：社交媒体的使用现已成为现代日常生活的重要组成部分。人们对社交媒体如何影响年轻人的饮酒行为及饮酒相关后果知之甚少。本队列研究旨在探索社交媒体使用与未来饮酒之间的前瞻性关系。方法：研究纳入了 1473 名未饮酒的青少年，他们在第 5 波（12-13 岁）时报告一生中未饮酒（第 5 波时也报告了社交媒体使用、同伴饮酒和协变量）。在第 8 次调查（17-18 岁）中，参与者报告了饮酒结果，包括开始饮酒的年龄、过去一个月和过去一周的危险饮酒（>10 杯/周）以及问题饮酒（与酒精有关的麻烦、伤害和打架）：在控制了已知的与青少年饮酒有关的因素并采用保守的显著性水平（α = 0.01）后，结果显示，在 12-13 岁时几乎每天都使用社交媒体的儿童后来报告的饮酒开始年龄更小（β = -0.56，95 % CI = -0.74，-0.39，p 结论：青少年使用社交媒体与饮酒开始年龄有关：青少年使用社交媒体与未来的饮酒行为有关，因此有必要采取预防措施，认识到社交媒体的显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Applying a behavioral economic approach to understanding smoking processes: The indirect effect of past quit experiences 运用行为经济学方法理解吸烟过程：过去戒烟经历的间接影响。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112492

Jillian Robison , Elizabeth R. Aston , Cameron T. Matoska , Tanya Smit , Clayton Neighbors , Michael Businelle , Michael J. Zvolensky , Lorra Garey

Background

The Cigarette Purchase Tasks (CPT) measures the relative reinforcing value of cigarettes (i.e., cigarette demand). Extant work supports a relation between cigarette demand and smoking dependence and abstinence. However, little work has focused on how demand relates to cognitive processes hindering smoking cessation (i.e., negative affect reduction smoking motives and expectancies, perceived barriers for quitting) or explanatory variables (i.e., negative quit-related experiences) that may underlie such relations.

Methods

The present study (N=100; 70 % male; M_age=45.34 years, SD=11.02) evaluated the indirect effect of cigarette demand, including intensity (i.e., consumption at zero cost), O_max (i.e., maximum expenditure across prices), and elasticity (i.e., price associated with O_max) on smoking motives, smoking expectancies, and perceived barriers for quitting through negative experiences with past quit attempts.

Results

Results indicated statistically significant indirect effects of intensity on negative affect reduction smoking motives (ab=.06, SE=.03, CI_95 % [.017,.123]), expectancies for smoking to relieve negative affect (ab=.01, SE=.01, CI_95 % [.002,.025], and perceived barriers for quitting (ab=.16, SE=.06, CI_95 % [.045,.294]) through past quit challenges. In contrast, O_max and elasticity did not show significant indirect effects, highlighting the uniqueness of intensity relative to O_max and elasticity.

Conclusions

Findings suggest intensity may be a useful metric for identifying those at risk for negative quit-related experiences, an important finding given negative experiences are associated with poorer cessation-related outcomes. Future work should replicate and extend these findings across diverse populations and evaluate the temporal relationship between high levels of cigarette demand and cessation related challenges.

背景：香烟购买任务（CPT）测量香烟的相对强化价值（即香烟需求）。现有研究支持卷烟需求与吸烟依赖和戒烟之间的关系。然而，很少有研究关注卷烟需求与阻碍戒烟的认知过程（即消极情绪、减少吸烟的动机和期望、感知到的戒烟障碍）或可能导致这种关系的解释变量（即与戒烟相关的消极经历）之间的关系：本研究（样本数=100；70%为男性；年龄=45.34岁，SD=11.02）评估了卷烟需求的间接影响，包括强度（即零成本消费）、Omax（即不同价格下的最大消费）和弹性（即与Omax相关的价格）对吸烟动机、吸烟期望和通过过去尝试戒烟的负面经历感知到的戒烟障碍的影响：结果表明，通过过去的戒烟挑战，强度对减少负面情绪的吸烟动机（ab=.06，SE=.03，CI95 % [.017, .123]）、通过吸烟缓解负面情绪的期望（ab=.01，SE=.01，CI95 % [.002, .025]）和戒烟障碍的感知（ab=.16，SE=.06，CI95 % [.045, .294]）有统计学意义的间接影响。相比之下，Omax 和弹性没有显示出显著的间接影响，这突出了强度相对于 Omax 和弹性的独特性：研究结果表明，戒烟强度可能是识别有负面戒烟经历风险人群的有用指标，鉴于负面戒烟经历与较差的戒烟相关结果有关，这一发现非常重要。未来的工作应在不同人群中复制和扩展这些发现，并评估高水平的香烟需求与戒烟相关挑战之间的时间关系。

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引用次数: 0

An investigation of multimodal predictors of adolescent alcohol initiation 青少年开始酗酒的多模式预测调查。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112491

Andrew Moore , Ben Lewis , Amanda Elton , Lindsay M. Squeglia , Sara Jo Nixon

Background

Early alcohol initiation is associated with negative, alcohol-related outcomes. While previous work identifies numerous risk factors for early use, the relative contributions of known predictors remains understudied. The current project addresses this gap by 1) prospectively predicting early alcohol initiation using measures of inhibition control, reward sensitivity, and contextual risk factors and 2) interrogating the relative importance of each domain.

Method

This study leverages multimodal data from substance-naïve youth enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® (n=11,694). Early initiation was defined as consuming a full standard drink containing alcohol prior to age 16. Propensity scores were used to match alcohol initiators (n=348) with demographically similar non-initiators at a 1:2 ratio (n=696). Independent logistic regressions were conducted for each domain followed by additive, hierarchical models.

Results

The model of contextual factors (pseudo-R²=0.086, AUC=0.67) outperformed inhibition control (pseudo-R²=0.021, AUC=0.58) and reward sensitivity measures (pseudo-R²=0.020, AUC=0.59). The hierarchical model containing all measures (pseudo-R²=0.106, AUC=0.69) did not significantly improve the model of contextual factors alone (p>0.05). Examples of significant predictors (p<0.05) include externalizing behaviors, number of substances known, and non-religious alcohol sipping.

Conclusion

Contextual risk factors were the strongest predictors of early alcohol use; however, more work is needed to understand the causal nature of this relationship. Measures of inhibition control and reward sensitivity were not adequate in distinguishing initiators from non-initiators. These findings add to a body of evidence that contextual factors play a major role in alcohol initiation while highlighting specific predictor variables that could inform youth alcohol prevention.

背景：过早开始饮酒与酒精相关的负面结果有关。虽然以往的研究发现了许多早期饮酒的风险因素，但对已知预测因素的相对贡献研究仍然不足。目前的项目通过以下方法填补了这一空白：1）使用抑制控制、奖赏敏感性和情境风险因素的测量方法对早期酗酒进行前瞻性预测；2）询问每个领域的相对重要性：本研究利用了参加青少年大脑认知发展研究（ABCD）®（人数=11,694）的未接触过药物的青少年的多模态数据。过早开始饮酒被定义为在 16 岁之前饮用了全量含酒精的标准饮料。采用倾向分数将饮酒初始者（人数=348）与人口统计学上相似的非初始者（人数=696）按1:2的比例进行匹配。对每个领域进行独立的逻辑回归，然后采用加法分层模型：结果：情境因素模型（pseudo-R2=0.086，AUC=0.67）优于抑制控制模型（pseudo-R2=0.021，AUC=0.58）和奖赏敏感性测量模型（pseudo-R2=0.020，AUC=0.59）。包含所有测量指标的分层模型（pseudo-R2=0.106，AUC=0.69）并没有显著改善单独的情境因素模型（p>0.05）。重要预测因素示例（p 结论：情境风险因素是早期饮酒的最强预测因素；然而，要了解这种关系的因果性质，还需要做更多的工作。对抑制控制和奖赏敏感性的测量不足以区分酗酒者和非酗酒者。这些研究结果补充了大量证据，证明环境因素在酒精启蒙中起着重要作用，同时强调了可为青少年酒精预防提供参考的特定预测变量。

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引用次数: 0

Physical activity and tobacco use among high school students in the United States, 2015–2021 2015-2021 年美国高中生的体育活动和烟草使用情况

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112493

Cristina S. Barroso , Joshua Chapman , Priscila Garza , Dale S. Mantey

Objective

The relationship between physical activity and tobacco use among adolescents remains unclear. We examined this relationship using nationally representative data from the United States (U.S.).

Methods

We pooled four years of cross-sectional data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (2015–2021). Participants were high school students (n = 49,857) in the U.S. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the association between measures of self-reported days of 60+ minutes of physical activity per week (0−7) and past 30-day use of combustible cigarette, e-cigarette, cigar, and smokeless tobacco. We modeled interactions by sex. Covariates included sex, race/ethnicity, grade, other tobacco use, and survey year. Supplemental analyses examined the association between sports participation and tobacco use.

Results

An increase in the number of days of physical activity corresponded with lower odds of cigarette smoking (aOR: 0.93; 95 % CI: 0.90 – 0.95) but greater odds of using e-cigarettes (aOR 1.05; 95 % CI: 1.03–1.06) and smokeless tobacco (aOR: 1.07; 95 % CI: 1.04–1.11). There was no association between days of physical activity and cigar smoking. The association between physical activity and e-cigarette use differed by sex (p < 0.001), with the association observed among males (aOR 1.07; 95 % CI: 1.05–1.10) but not females (aOR 1.02; 95 % CI: 0.99–1.04). Sports participation had similar associations.

Conclusions

Findings indicate that physically active youth are using non-combustible products at an alarming rate. Findings suggest the need for intervention to reduce e-cigarette and smokeless tobacco use among youth.

目的青少年体育锻炼与烟草使用之间的关系尚不清楚。我们利用美国的全国代表性数据研究了这一关系。方法我们汇总了青少年危险行为监测系统（2015-2021 年）四年的横断面数据。多变量逻辑回归模型检验了自我报告的每周 60 分钟以上体育活动天数（0-7 天）与过去 30 天使用可燃卷烟、电子烟、雪茄和无烟烟草之间的关系。我们按性别建立了交互模型。协变量包括性别、种族/民族、年级、其他烟草使用情况和调查年份。补充分析研究了体育参与与烟草使用之间的关系。结果体育活动天数的增加与吸烟几率降低（aOR：0.93；95 % CI：0.90 - 0.95）相对应，但使用电子烟（aOR 1.05；95 % CI：1.03-1.06）和无烟烟草（aOR：1.07；95 % CI：1.04-1.11）的几率增加。体育锻炼天数与抽雪茄之间没有关联。体育锻炼与使用电子烟之间的关系因性别而异（p < 0.001），男性（aOR：1.07；95 % CI：1.05-1.10）而女性（aOR：1.02；95 % CI：0.99-1.04）不存在这种关系。结论研究结果表明，参加体育运动的青少年使用不易燃产品的比例惊人。研究结果表明，有必要采取干预措施来减少青少年使用电子烟和无烟烟草。

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引用次数: 0

Distinct populations suppress or escalate intake of cocaine paired with aversive quinine 不同人群抑制或增加摄入与厌恶性奎宁配对的可卡因

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112475

Rosalie E. Powers , Peter A. Fogel , Jayson H. Reeves , Pamela Madrid , Travis M. Moschak

Background

Only a subset of individuals who encounter illicit drugs become persons with a substance use disorder. Individual differences in aversive reactions to drug-associated phenomena like smoke inhalation and unpleasant taste are predictors for continued use. While several preclinical studies have explored self-administration involving aversive cues, none have simultaneously introduced aversion with the initial drug self-administration. We aimed to develop such a model by pairing intravenous cocaine with intraoral quinine self-administration from the outset and investigate whether repeated exposure to an aversive stimulus would alter its hedonic value under laboratory conditions.

Methods

Twenty-seven male and female Sprague Dawley rats self-administered intravenous/intraoral (cocaine/quinine) for 2 h/day over 14 days. This was followed by a 1-day quinine-only extinction session, a 3-day return to self-administration, and an intraoral infusion session to assess quinine taste reactivity (TR).

Results

We identified three distinct groups. The first self-administered very little cocaine, while the second sharply escalated cocaine intake. Both groups had similar aversive TR to quinine, suggesting that the escalating group did not habituate to the aversive cue but pursued drug despite it. We also identified a third group with high initial intake that decreased over time. This decrease predicted high aversive TR, and we argue this group may represent individuals who engage in excessive use on their first encounter and subsequently find self-administration to be aversive.

Conclusions

Our novel model yields three distinct groups that differ in self-administration patterns and aversive cue valuation.

背景只有一小部分接触非法药物的人成为药物使用障碍患者。对吸入烟雾和难闻味道等毒品相关现象的厌恶反应的个体差异是持续使用毒品的预测因素。虽然有几项临床前研究探讨了涉及厌恶线索的自我给药，但没有一项研究在最初自我给药时同时引入厌恶反应。我们的目的是建立这样一个模型，从一开始就将静脉注射可卡因与口服奎宁自我给药配对，并研究在实验室条件下重复暴露于厌恶刺激是否会改变其享乐价值。随后是为期 1 天的仅使用奎宁的消退训练、为期 3 天的恢复自我给药训练和口内输液训练，以评估奎宁味觉反应性（TR）。第一组的可卡因自我给药量很少，而第二组的可卡因摄入量急剧增加。两组对奎宁的厌恶反应性相似，这表明可卡因摄入量急剧增加的一组并没有对厌恶线索产生习惯性反应，而是不顾厌恶线索而继续吸食毒品。我们还发现第三组的初始摄入量较高，但随着时间的推移摄入量有所下降。我们认为，这一组可能代表了那些在初次接触时使用过量，随后发现自我给药是厌恶的个体。结论我们的新模型产生了三个不同的组别，它们在自我给药模式和厌恶线索评价方面存在差异。

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引用次数: 0

Neurostructural features predict binge drinking in emerging adulthood: Evidence from a 5-year follow-up study 神经结构特征可预测成年后的酗酒行为：一项为期 5 年的跟踪研究提供的证据。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Drug and alcohol dependence

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112489

Jose Manuel Pérez-García , Samuel Suárez-Suárez , María Soledad Rodríguez González , Socorro Rodríguez Holguín , Fernando Cadaveira , Sonia Doallo

Background

Binge drinking (BD) involves consuming large amounts of alcohol within a short timeframe, leading to a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 g/dL or above. This pattern of alcohol consumption is prevalent among young adults and has significant implications for brain structure and subsequent drinking behaviors.

Methods

In this prospective longitudinal study, we employed zero-inflated negative binomial regression models to examine whether various neurostructural features (i.e., volume, surface area, cortical thickness) of brain regions involved in executive and emotional/motivational processes at the age of 18–19 could predict number of BD episodes five years later, at ages 23–24, once participants were expected to complete their university degree. Specifically, we recorded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 68 students who completed both the baseline MRI and follow-up alcohol use assessment, with the aim of analyzing the predictive value of these neurostructural characteristics five years later.

Results

The analysis revealed that a larger surface area in the caudal division of the right middle frontal gyrus was significantly associated with a higher incidence rate of BD episodes (IRR = 2.24, 95 % CI = 1.28–3.91, p = 0.005). Conversely, a smaller surface area in the right caudal anterior cingulate cortex was associated with a higher incidence rate of BD episodes (IRR = 0.61, 95 % CI = 0.44–0.85, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that specific neurostructural characteristics during adolescence can predict BD behaviors in young adulthood. This highlights the potential of neuroimaging to identify individuals at risk for developing problematic alcohol use.

背景：暴饮（BD）是指在短时间内大量饮酒，导致血液中酒精浓度达到或超过 0.08g/dL。这种饮酒模式在年轻人中很普遍，对大脑结构和随后的饮酒行为有重大影响：在这项前瞻性纵向研究中，我们采用了零膨胀负二项回归模型，以考察参与执行过程和情绪/动机过程的脑区在 18-19 岁时的各种神经结构特征（即体积、表面积、皮质厚度）是否能预测五年后，即 23-24 岁时的 BD 发作次数，因为参与者预计将完成大学学业。具体来说，我们记录了 68 名学生的磁共振成像（MRI）数据，这些学生同时完成了基线磁共振成像和后续酒精使用评估，目的是分析这些神经结构特征对五年后的预测价值：分析结果显示，右侧额叶中回尾部的面积越大，BD发作率越高（IRR = 2.24，95 % CI = 1.28-3.91，p = 0.005）。相反，右侧尾状前扣带回皮层的表面积越小，BD发病率越高（IRR = 0.61，95 % CI = 0.44-0.85，p = 0.004）：这些研究结果表明，青春期的特定神经结构特征可以预测成年后的BD行为。结论：这些研究结果表明，青少年时期的特定神经结构特征可预测青少年成年后的BD行为，这凸显了神经影像学在识别有酗酒问题的高危人群方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0