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{"title":"通过介质阻挡放电/亚硫酸盐预处理提高超滤性能:水基质的影响和机理启示","authors":"Bing Zhang, Jianpeng Li, Xiaoping Wang, Chi Zhang, Wenjie Yin, Bing Zhang, Yu Qin, Yanan Liu, Wenxin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122755","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The feasibility of utilizing a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)/sulfite-ultrafiltration system was investigated in various real water bodies, aiming to clarify the mechanism behind alleviating membrane fouling while synchronously degrading perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) during the treatment process of Yangtze River water. The results demonstrated that the DBD/sulfite pretreatment exhibited remarkable rates of membrane flux mitigation (>84.10%) and efficient degradation rates of PFOA (>85.13%), which decreased with increasing pH from 3.0 to 11.0. The presence of anions, cations, and natural organic matter slightly hindered the membrane fouling mitigation and PFOA degradation by quenching free radicals; however, the addition of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> had a negligible impact. The mitigation of membrane fouling was attributed to the significant involvement of various radicals, including hydroxyl radical (•OH), sulfate radical (<span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msubsup is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">4</mn></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">&#x2022;</mo><mo is=\"true\">&#x2212;</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"3.009ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -945.9 2339.4 1295.7\" width=\"5.433ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-53\"></use><use x=\"556\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-4F\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1335,432)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2219\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(353,0)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2212\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1335,-286)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-34\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msubsup is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">4</mn></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">•</mo><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><msubsup is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">4</mn></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">•</mo><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></script></span>), electron (<span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><msup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">e</mi></mrow><mo is=\"true\">&#x2212;</mo></msup><msubsup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">/</mo><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">e</mi></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">aq</mtext></mrow><mo is=\"true\">&#x2212;</mo></msubsup></mrow></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"3.355ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -1.158ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -945.9 2867.6 1444.7\" width=\"6.66ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-65\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(444,362)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2212\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1094,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2F\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(500,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-65\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(945,477)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2212\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(945,-287)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-61\"></use><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-71\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><msup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"normal\">e</mi></mrow><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></msup><msubsup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">/</mo><mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"normal\">e</mi></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">aq</mtext></mrow><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><msup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">e</mi></mrow><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></msup><msubsup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">/</mo><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">e</mi></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">aq</mtext></mrow><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></script></span>), su-peroxide anion radicals (<span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">&#x2022;</mo><msubsup is=\"true\"><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">O</mi><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">&#x2212;</mo></msubsup></mrow></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"3.009ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.928ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -896.2 1929.5 1295.7\" width=\"4.481ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2219\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(500,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-4F\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(778,403)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2212\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(778,-308)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-32\"></use></g></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">•</mo><msubsup is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"normal\">O</mi><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">•</mo><msubsup is=\"true\"><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">O</mi><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></script></span>), and other radicals such as <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msubsup is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">3</mn></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">&#x2022;</mo><mo is=\"true\">&#x2212;</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"3.009ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -945.9 2339.4 1295.7\" width=\"5.433ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-53\"></use><use x=\"556\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-4F\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1335,432)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2219\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(353,0)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2212\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1335,-277)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-33\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msubsup is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">3</mn></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">•</mo><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><msubsup is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">3</mn></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">•</mo><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></script></span>, exhibiting respective contributions of 33.25%, 28.49%, 20.56%, 11.32%, and 6.39% in a synergistic redox effect. The pretreatment effectively reduced standard blocking and cake filtration fouling mechanisms by creating a sparse fouling layer on the membrane surface while increasing its roughness. Additionally, the main active species that played a significant role in the degradation of PFOA were identified as <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msubsup is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">4</mn></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">&#x2022;</mo><mo is=\"true\">&#x2212;</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"3.009ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -945.9 2339.4 1295.7\" width=\"5.433ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-53\"></use><use x=\"556\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-4F\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1335,432)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2219\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(353,0)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2212\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1335,-286)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-34\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msubsup is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">4</mn></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">•</mo><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><msubsup is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">4</mn></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">•</mo><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></script></span>, •OH, and <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msubsup is=\"true\"><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">e</mi><mrow is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">aq</mtext></mrow><mo is=\"true\">&#x2212;</mo></msubsup></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.894ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -896.2 1272.1 1246\" width=\"2.955ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-65\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(444,403)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2212\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(444,-154)\"><g is=\"true\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-61\"></use><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-71\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msubsup is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"normal\">e</mi><mrow is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">aq</mtext></mrow><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></msubsup></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><msubsup is=\"true\"><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">e</mi><mrow is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">aq</mtext></mrow><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></msubsup></math></script></span>. These species contributed approximately 43.63%, 24.39%, and 20.65% respectively to the degradation process. By employing mass spectrometry and density functional theory, a proposed pathway for PFOA degradation was established, effectively reducing the toxicity associated with its degradation byproducts. This study provides innovative insights into membrane-based water treatment technologies that effectively tackle both membrane fouling mitigation and PFOA degradation.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Improved ultrafiltration performance through dielectric barrier discharge/sulfite pretreatment: Effects of water matrices and mechanistic insights\",\"authors\":\"Bing Zhang, Jianpeng Li, Xiaoping Wang, Chi Zhang, Wenjie Yin, Bing Zhang, Yu Qin, Yanan Liu, Wenxin Shi\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122755\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The feasibility of utilizing a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)/sulfite-ultrafiltration system was investigated in various real water bodies, aiming to clarify the mechanism behind alleviating membrane fouling while synchronously degrading perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) during the treatment process of Yangtze River water. The results demonstrated that the DBD/sulfite pretreatment exhibited remarkable rates of membrane flux mitigation (>84.10%) and efficient degradation rates of PFOA (>85.13%), which decreased with increasing pH from 3.0 to 11.0. The presence of anions, cations, and natural organic matter slightly hindered the membrane fouling mitigation and PFOA degradation by quenching free radicals; however, the addition of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> had a negligible impact. The mitigation of membrane fouling was attributed to the significant involvement of various radicals, including hydroxyl radical (•OH), sulfate radical (<span><span style=\\\"\\\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><msubsup is=\\\"true\\\"><mtext is=\\\"true\\\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">4</mn></mrow><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x2022;</mo><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x2212;</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>' role=\\\"presentation\\\" style=\\\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" focusable=\\\"false\\\" height=\\\"3.009ex\\\" role=\\\"img\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\\\" viewbox=\\\"0 -945.9 2339.4 1295.7\\\" width=\\\"5.433ex\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g fill=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"0\\\" transform=\\\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-53\\\"></use><use x=\\\"556\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-4F\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1335,432)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use transform=\\\"scale(0.707)\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-2219\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(353,0)\\\"><use transform=\\\"scale(0.707)\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-2212\\\"></use></g></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1335,-286)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use transform=\\\"scale(0.707)\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-34\\\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\\\"presentation\\\"><math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><msubsup is=\\\"true\\\"><mtext is=\\\"true\\\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">4</mn></mrow><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">•</mo><mo is=\\\"true\\\">−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span></span><script type=\\\"math/mml\\\"><math><msubsup is=\\\"true\\\"><mtext is=\\\"true\\\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">4</mn></mrow><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">•</mo><mo is=\\\"true\\\">−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></script></span>), electron (<span><span style=\\\"\\\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><msup is=\\\"true\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\" is=\\\"true\\\">e</mi></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x2212;</mo></msup><msubsup is=\\\"true\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">/</mo><mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\" is=\\\"true\\\">e</mi></mrow><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mtext is=\\\"true\\\">aq</mtext></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x2212;</mo></msubsup></mrow></math>' role=\\\"presentation\\\" style=\\\"font-size: 90%; 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The pretreatment effectively reduced standard blocking and cake filtration fouling mechanisms by creating a sparse fouling layer on the membrane surface while increasing its roughness. Additionally, the main active species that played a significant role in the degradation of PFOA were identified as <span><span style=\\\"\\\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><msubsup is=\\\"true\\\"><mtext is=\\\"true\\\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">4</mn></mrow><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x2022;</mo><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x2212;</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>' role=\\\"presentation\\\" style=\\\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" focusable=\\\"false\\\" height=\\\"3.009ex\\\" role=\\\"img\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\\\" viewbox=\\\"0 -945.9 2339.4 1295.7\\\" width=\\\"5.433ex\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g fill=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"0\\\" transform=\\\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-53\\\"></use><use x=\\\"556\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-4F\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1335,432)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use transform=\\\"scale(0.707)\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-2219\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(353,0)\\\"><use transform=\\\"scale(0.707)\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-2212\\\"></use></g></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1335,-286)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use transform=\\\"scale(0.707)\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-34\\\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\\\"presentation\\\"><math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><msubsup is=\\\"true\\\"><mtext is=\\\"true\\\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">4</mn></mrow><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">•</mo><mo is=\\\"true\\\">−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span></span><script type=\\\"math/mml\\\"><math><msubsup is=\\\"true\\\"><mtext is=\\\"true\\\">SO</mtext><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">4</mn></mrow><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">•</mo><mo is=\\\"true\\\">−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></script></span>, •OH, and <span><span style=\\\"\\\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><msubsup is=\\\"true\\\"><mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\" is=\\\"true\\\">e</mi><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mtext is=\\\"true\\\">aq</mtext></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x2212;</mo></msubsup></math>' role=\\\"presentation\\\" style=\\\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" focusable=\\\"false\\\" height=\\\"2.894ex\\\" role=\\\"img\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\\\" viewbox=\\\"0 -896.2 1272.1 1246\\\" width=\\\"2.955ex\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g fill=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"0\\\" transform=\\\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-65\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(444,403)\\\"><use transform=\\\"scale(0.707)\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-2212\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(444,-154)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use transform=\\\"scale(0.707)\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-61\\\"></use><use transform=\\\"scale(0.707)\\\" x=\\\"500\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-71\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\\\"presentation\\\"><math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><msubsup is=\\\"true\\\"><mi is=\\\"true\\\" mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\">e</mi><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mtext is=\\\"true\\\">aq</mtext></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">−</mo></msubsup></math></span></span><script type=\\\"math/mml\\\"><math><msubsup is=\\\"true\\\"><mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\" is=\\\"true\\\">e</mi><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mtext is=\\\"true\\\">aq</mtext></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">−</mo></msubsup></math></script></span>. These species contributed approximately 43.63%, 24.39%, and 20.65% respectively to the degradation process. By employing mass spectrometry and density functional theory, a proposed pathway for PFOA degradation was established, effectively reducing the toxicity associated with its degradation byproducts. This study provides innovative insights into membrane-based water treatment technologies that effectively tackle both membrane fouling mitigation and PFOA degradation.\",\"PeriodicalId\":443,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Water Research\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":11.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Water Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122755\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water Research","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122755","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
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