肠道微生物群在通食动物金丝猴适应地理饮食变化中的作用。

IF 4.9 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Animal microbiome Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1186/s42523-024-00349-w
Yuhang Li, Yujie Yan, Haojie Wu, Yiyi Men, Yi Yang, Hengguang Fu, Derek Dunn, Xiaowei Wang, Genggeng Gao, Peng Zhang, Guixin Dong, Liyuan Hao, Jia Jia, Baoguo Li, Songtao Guo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

造成生态压力的饮食变化对动物的生存构成了巨大挑战。肠道微生物群是宿主消化系统的重要组成部分,其变化模式反映了宿主食物成分的改变。通过对食物成分和宏量营养素摄入进行多维建模,已经阐明了食物成分的时间性变化对肠道微生物群的影响。然而,野生综合动物的广泛分布及其食物成分的复杂性阻碍了我们确定其肠道微生物群在多大程度上帮助适应空间饮食变化的能力。我们研究了肠道微生物群落的模式随饮食变化而变化的情况,以及一种饮食具有区域性变化的疣猴--金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)的情况。具体来说,我们分析了食物成分变化、宏量营养素摄入和肠道微生物群落之间的相互作用。我们通过量化食物成分和宏量营养素摄入量,以及对 44 只个体的粪便样本进行 16S rRNA 和微生物宏基因组测序,对四个种群的猴子进行了比较。我们发现一些人群的饮食和肠道微生物组成、营养空间和宏量营养素摄入量存在明显差异。不同人群肠道微生物群组成的差异反映了宏量营养素摄入量的差异,其中碳水化合物的摄入量尤为突出。金丝猴种群之间饮食的地理差异会导致宏量营养素摄入量的差异,而宏量营养素摄入量的相应差异又会导致肠道微生物群组成和丰度的区域差异。重要的是,与核心消化功能相关的肠道微生物群不会发生变化,而非核心肠道微生物群会随着宏量营养素摄入量的变化而波动。这一特点可能使严重依赖肠道微生物群消化的物种能够适应饮食变化。我们的研究结果进一步加深了人们对肠道微生物群在宿主膳食生态位形成过程中所起作用的理解。
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The role of gut microbiota in a generalist, golden snub-nosed monkey, adaptation to geographical diet change.

Changes in diet causing ecological stress pose a significant challenge to animal survival. In response, the gut microbiota, a crucial part of the host's digestive system, exhibits patterns of change reflective of alterations in the host's food component. The impact of temporal dietary shifts on gut microbiota has been elucidated through multidimensional modeling of both food component and macronutrient intake. However, the broad distribution of wild generalist and the intricate complexity of their food component hinder our capacity to ascertain the degree to which their gut microbiota assist in adapting to spatial dietary variations. We examined variation in patterns of the gut microbial community according to changes in diet and in a colobine monkey with a regional variable diet, the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana). Specifically, we analyse the interactions between variation in food component, macronutrient intake and the gut microbial community. We compared monkeys from four populations by quantifying food component and macronutrient intake, and by sequencing 16S rRNA and the microbial macro-genomes from the faecal samples of 44 individuals. We found significant differences in the diets and gut microbial compositions, in nutrient space and macronutrient intake among some populations. Variations in gut microbiota composition across distinct populations mirror the disparities in macronutrient intake, with a notable emphasis on carbohydrate. Geographical differences in the diet among of golden snub-nosed monkey populations will result in macronutrient intake variation, with corresponding differences in macronutrient intake driving regional differences in the compositions and abundances of gut microbiota. Importantly, the gut microbiota associated with core digestive functions does not vary, with the non-core gut microbiota fluctuating in response to variation in macronutrient intake. This characteristic may enable species heavily reliant on gut microbiota for digestion to adapt to diet changes. Our results further the understanding of the roles gut microbiota play in the formation of host dietary niches.

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