Authoring Data-Driven Chart Animations.

We present an authoring tool, called CAST+ (Canis Studio Plus), that enables the interactive creation of chart animations through the direct manipulation of keyframes. It introduces the visual specification of chart animations consisting of keyframes that can be played sequentially or simultaneously, and animation parameters (e.g., duration, delay). Building on Canis [1], a declarative chart animation grammar that leverages data-enriched SVG charts, CAST+ supports auto-completion for constructing both keyframes and keyframe sequences. It also enables users to refine the animation specification (e.g., aligning keyframes across tracks to play them together, adjusting delay) with direct manipulation. We report a user study conducted to assess the visual specification and system usability with its initial version. We enhanced the system's expressiveness and usability: CAST+ now supports the animation of multiple types of visual marks in the same keyframe group with new auto-completion algorithms based on generalized selection. This enables the creation of more expressive animations, while reducing the number of interactions needed to create comparable animations. We present a gallery of examples and four usage scenarios to demonstrate the expressiveness of CAST+. Finally, we discuss the limitations, comparison, and potentials of CAST+ as well as directions for future research.