Transition from liquid-electrode batteries to colloidal electrode batteries for long-lasting performance

Electrode longevity plays a pivotal role in determining the performance lifespan of batteries. Liquid-state electrode materials inherently offer the potential for ultra-long cycling capabilities due to their lack of rigid atomic structures, which helps overcome the limitations associated with the reversibility of solid-state electrodes during charge and discharge. This review explores the fundamental physicochemical properties of liquid-state electrodes used in both redox-flow and membrane-less liquid electrode batteries. Significant research has focused on improving the battery performance by enhancing energy density through increased voltage and specific capacity, as well as extending lifespan by mitigating crossover effects and stabilizing the active molecules. Building on these advances, we propose a novel concept of soft colloidal electrodes, which combine the fixation effect of solid electrodes with the flexibility and reduced lattice fatigue associated with liquid electrodes, offering new avenues for advancing next-generation battery technologies.