A comprehensive simultaneous allocation algorithm of charging stations and vehicle to grid operation in radial networks

The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) helps improve air quality by minimizing pollutants and promoting sustainable transportation practices. The integration of a substantial fleet of EVs leads to an increase in the installation of charging stations. The unplanned allocation of these loads impacts the distribution systems, such as increasing power loss. This paper introduces an algorithm that proposes an optimal allocation strategy for charging stations (CSs) in a distribution system. The allocation process aims to minimize the total apparent energy losses and ensure that the system voltage profile remains within limits. Load profile, charging and discharging profiles of CSs are considered. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) mode is one of the merits of integrating EVs in the grid, so this feature has been used to maintain system voltage stability and minimize energy loss. Power rating and locations of V2G mode are optimally determined to guarantee power quality indices. A hybrid algorithm of genetic algorithm (GA) and Self-Adaptive Multi-Population Elitist JAYA (SAMPE-JAYA) is developed to simultaneously allocate CSs and V2G in the systems. The proposed algorithm is verified on standard systems, IEEE 33, and 69-bus systems. The proposed algorithm is verified on standard IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus systems. V2G integration with CSs results in a reduction of energy losses by 6.33% and 22.25%, respectively, and voltage deviation improvements to 7.61% and 7.88% for the two systems.