Exploring mass transfer as a parameter in mechanochemical processes†

Mechanochemistry is increasingly recognized for its sustainability, environmental benefits, and efficiency in synthesizing a wide array of chemicals and materials. This research focuses on advancing our understanding of the factors that influence mechanochemical processes, which remains limited despite the broad application of these techniques in industry and research. Specifically, this paper explores the impact of mass transfer—a parameter previously underexplored in the context of mechanochemistry—on the outcome of chemical syntheses performed without solvents, thus avoiding the use of environmentally harmful substances and complex purification steps. This study introduces a novel multi-functional ball-mill medium design that enhances mass transfer, promotes more uniform kinetic energy distribution and material treatment, and increases overall synthesis efficiency. By analyzing the products of allotrope conversion, co-crystallization, and size reduction, we demonstrate how our new design enhances mechanochemical reactions. The findings indicate that adjusting the geometry of the milling media can significantly influence the chemical transformation processes. This advancement not only contributes to a deeper comprehension of mechanochemical synthesis but also opens avenues for more controlled and scalable production methods. The research underscores the importance of considering mass transfer in developing more effective mechanochemical technologies, paving the way for future innovations in this green chemistry field.