Effect of Meal Replacements Formula on Lipid Profiles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Although some evidence shows the beneficial effects of meal replacements (MRs) on dyslipidaemias, it is not completely clear. Therefore, we investigate the possible effects of total and partial MRs on lipid profiles.

Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Embase. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of MRs on lipid profiles. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to combine studies and calculate weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Subgroup analysis was realized using intervention type, duration and average participant age.

Results: Fifty-one studies were included. The pooled findings showed that total and partial MRs significantly reduced triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -12.20mg/dl, 95% CI -17.46 to -6.93) and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (WMD: 1.06mg/dl, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.77) compared to controls. However, total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -1.40mg/dl, 95% CI: -3.90 to 1.10) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: -0.85mg/dl, 95% CI: -3.05 to 1.35) were not significant. In addition, the subgroup analysis shows a greater effect on TG reduction and HDL increase in the type of intervention with total MRs compared to partial MRs and during the intervention >24 weeks compared to ≤24 weeks.

Conclusions: MRs lead to significant improvements in TG and HDL levels. These results may help strengthen programs for dyslipidaemias prevention/management.