生日问题:动物群体的重复采样与实验设计伦理。

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Animal Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.animal.2024.101352
{"title":"生日问题:动物群体的重复采样与实验设计伦理。","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101352","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Researchers who use animals in science must balance statistical power with the need to satisfy the three Rs, whereby researchers are required to <em>reduce</em> numbers of animals, <em>refine</em> what they experience, and use alternatives to (<em>replace</em>) higher animals where possible. In repeated sampling over time-series studies, there is potential loss of power as well as ethics implications posed by repeated sampling of individual animals, where this cannot be managed or avoided. Here, we consider the mathematics of repeated sampling from three perspectives: that of the population at large, from the experience of the individual, and the conditional probability of sampled individuals being sampled again. The calculations are illustrated using four theoretical case studies across veterinary epidemiology with different practical implications and a provided R Shiny tool for researchers. Despite the availability of exact calculations, it is necessary to also consider the biological factors which may affect capture and recapture rates in sampling studies such as animal personality and response to capture. Researchers must also choose their question carefully to avoid inappropriate framing of ethical concerns around repeated sampling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The birthday problem: repeated sampling of animal populations and ethics of experimental design\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101352\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Researchers who use animals in science must balance statistical power with the need to satisfy the three Rs, whereby researchers are required to <em>reduce</em> numbers of animals, <em>refine</em> what they experience, and use alternatives to (<em>replace</em>) higher animals where possible. In repeated sampling over time-series studies, there is potential loss of power as well as ethics implications posed by repeated sampling of individual animals, where this cannot be managed or avoided. Here, we consider the mathematics of repeated sampling from three perspectives: that of the population at large, from the experience of the individual, and the conditional probability of sampled individuals being sampled again. The calculations are illustrated using four theoretical case studies across veterinary epidemiology with different practical implications and a provided R Shiny tool for researchers. Despite the availability of exact calculations, it is necessary to also consider the biological factors which may affect capture and recapture rates in sampling studies such as animal personality and response to capture. Researchers must also choose their question carefully to avoid inappropriate framing of ethical concerns around repeated sampling.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50789,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Animal\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Animal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731124002891\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Animal","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731124002891","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

在科学研究中使用动物的研究人员必须在统计能力与满足 "三R "要求之间取得平衡。"三R "要求研究人员减少动物的数量,完善他们的经验,并尽可能使用替代品(取代)更多的动物。在对时间序列研究进行重复采样时,可能会出现功率损失,而且在无法管理或避免的情况下,对单个动物进行重复采样也会对伦理产生影响。在此,我们将从三个角度考虑重复取样的数学问题:整个种群的角度、个体经验的角度以及被取样个体再次被取样的条件概率。计算方法通过兽医流行病学中四个具有不同实际意义的理论案例研究和为研究人员提供的 R Shiny 工具进行了说明。尽管有精确的计算方法,但在取样研究中还必须考虑可能影响捕获率和再捕获率的生物因素,如动物的个性和对捕获的反应。研究人员还必须谨慎选择问题,以避免重复取样中出现不恰当的伦理问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
The birthday problem: repeated sampling of animal populations and ethics of experimental design
Researchers who use animals in science must balance statistical power with the need to satisfy the three Rs, whereby researchers are required to reduce numbers of animals, refine what they experience, and use alternatives to (replace) higher animals where possible. In repeated sampling over time-series studies, there is potential loss of power as well as ethics implications posed by repeated sampling of individual animals, where this cannot be managed or avoided. Here, we consider the mathematics of repeated sampling from three perspectives: that of the population at large, from the experience of the individual, and the conditional probability of sampled individuals being sampled again. The calculations are illustrated using four theoretical case studies across veterinary epidemiology with different practical implications and a provided R Shiny tool for researchers. Despite the availability of exact calculations, it is necessary to also consider the biological factors which may affect capture and recapture rates in sampling studies such as animal personality and response to capture. Researchers must also choose their question carefully to avoid inappropriate framing of ethical concerns around repeated sampling.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Animal
Animal 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
2.80%
发文量
246
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Editorial board animal attracts the best research in animal biology and animal systems from across the spectrum of the agricultural, biomedical, and environmental sciences. It is the central element in an exciting collaboration between the British Society of Animal Science (BSAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP) and represents a merging of three scientific journals: Animal Science; Animal Research; Reproduction, Nutrition, Development. animal publishes original cutting-edge research, ''hot'' topics and horizon-scanning reviews on animal-related aspects of the life sciences at the molecular, cellular, organ, whole animal and production system levels. The main subject areas include: breeding and genetics; nutrition; physiology and functional biology of systems; behaviour, health and welfare; farming systems, environmental impact and climate change; product quality, human health and well-being. Animal models and papers dealing with the integration of research between these topics and their impact on the environment and people are particularly welcome.
期刊最新文献
Amylase activity across black soldier fly larvae development and feeding substrates: insights on starch digestibility and external digestion Comparison of predictive ability of single-trait and multitrait genomic selection models for body growth traits in Maiwa yaks Effects of oxygen levels and temperature on growth and physiology of pikeperch juveniles cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system Resolving and functional analysis of RNA editing sites in sheep ovaries and associations with litter size Friend or foe: effects of social experience and genetic line on responses of young gilts in a social challenge paired interaction test
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1