Toxicological and histopathological effects of sodium benzoate used in commercially available fruit juice on liver and kidney tissue in mice model

Aim

This study was designed to explore the toxic effects of SB overuse on blood biochemical and histopathological changes in mice.

Methods

A total of sixty four (64) male swiss albino mice were divided into 08 (eight) groups. Group-1 was control that caring with normal standard diet and water, whereas mice in group-2, 3 and 4 were treated with market juice-1, 2, and 3. Group-5, 6 and 7 were treated with lab made juice-1, 2, and 3. Group-8 was treated just with SB and water.

Results

Higher level of glucose was found mainly in the market juice in Group-4 and Group-2. ALT, AST and ALP also the showed higher level of activity, which indicates generally in liver dysfunction. In case of AST activity, in the market treated juice group as group-2, 3, and 4 showed the higher level as compared to control group. However in the lab juice, elevated level of AST also estimated in the group-5, 6, and 7 respectively. ALP, another important enzyme in biochemical study, showed significant alterations in activity level in the treatment groups. Highest ALP level was found in group-6 and group-4. Level of creatinine was measured to observe change in the kidney. When studying this parameter, it was noted that, mice in group-8 showed highest levels of serum creatinine, which was also followed by group-4. Another biochemical parameter, bilirubin showed variations in the level in different treatment groups in this study. Bilirubin level was increased remarkably in the market juice treated group-3 and in the lab juice treated group-7. The groups showed significant alteration in histopathology of liver and kidney.

Conclusion

It can be concluded from the study that, excessive consumption of the market juices can have adverse effects on mice blood serum activity and organ function.