加入植物生物的日粮对未改变水质的黑线鲈的生长、免疫调节、组织病理学和抗菌作用

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI:10.3389/fmars.2024.1473053
Amr Fadel, Mohamed M. M. Metwally, Habib Ul Hassan, Adel A. Abdelmageed, Takaomi Arai, Mohammad Z. Ahmed, Mohamed F. A. Abdel-Aziz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

植物生物制剂是很有前途的日粮替代品,但其在高风险水产养殖条件下的有效性仍未得到充分探索。因此,我们对尼罗罗非鱼进行了一项为期 90 天的饲养试验,在日粮中添加草药提取物,即柠檬香脂(Melissa officinalis (MOE))、马郁兰(Origanum majorana (OME))和洋甘菊(Matricaria chamomilla (MCE)),换水量为 0%。处理组与未用草药处理组或对照组[阳性对照组(PC;0%换水量)和阴性对照组(NC;每天 20% 换水量]]进行比较。鱼的养殖密度为(20 鱼 m-3:1.8 千克生物量/立方米)。我们对水进行了理化分析,并对鱼的临床反应、生长和免疫反应进行了评估。此外,我们还用致病性 Edwardseilla tarda 菌株对添加了草药的鱼类进行了挑战,并对死亡率进行了监测。第 1 个月和第 2 个月,水质参数都在允许范围内。此后,溶解氧浓度极低,氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和 pH 值在第 3 个月达到最高水平。对治疗组和对照组进行了血液和免疫测定。经中草药处理的组看起来很健康,但在第 3 个月,嗜睡和食欲下降的现象明显。总体而言,与阳性对照组相比,经中草药处理的鱼类在生长性能参数、存活率和对病原菌 E. tarda 的抵抗力方面均有改善,尤其是 OME 和 MOE 处理组。最后,根据放养密度、草药用量和水质恶化程度,植物生物补充剂可在一定时期内提高鱼类在应激条件下或水质不变情况下的抗应激能力和免疫激活能力。
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Growth, immunomodulatory, histopathological, and antibacterial effects of phytobiotic-incorporated diets on Oreochromis niloticus in unchanged water
Phytobiotics are promising diet alternatives, yet their effectiveness in high-risk aquaculture conditions remains underexplored. Therefore, a 90-day feeding trial was conducted based on dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with herbal extracts, namely, lemon balm [Melissa officinalis (MOE)], marjoram [Origanum majorana (OME)], and chamomile [Matricaria chamomilla (MCE)] with 0% water change. The treated groups were compared to groups untreated with herbs or control groups [positive control (PC; 0% water change) and negative control (NC; 20% water exchange per day]. Fish were cultured at stocking density (20 fish m-3: 1.8kg of biomass/m3). We conducted a physicochemical analysis of the water and the clinical responses, growth, and immune responses of the fish were evaluated. Furthermore, the herbal-supplemented fish were then challenged with a pathogenic Edwardseilla tarda strain and mortality was monitored. In the 1st and 2nd months, the water parameters were within the permissible limits. After that, a fatally low dissolved oxygen concentration and the highest levels of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH were recorded during the 3rd month. Blood and immune assays were conducted in the treated groups and control groups. The herbal-treated groups appeared healthy, but during the 3rd month, lethargy and decreased appetite were evident. Generally, the herbal-treated fish showed improved growth performance parameters, survival rates, and resistance against pathogenic bacteria E. tarda, particularly in the OME and MOE-treated groups compared to the positive control group. Finally, phytobiotic supplements were shown to improve fish stress tolerance and immune activation for a certain period under stressful conditions or unchanged water, based on the stocking density, dosages of herbs used, and the extent of deterioration of the water quality.
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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