Internet of Things (IoT): Sensors Application in Dairy Cattle Farming.

The expansion of dairy cattle farms and the increase in herd size have made the control and management of animals more complex, with potentially negative effects on animal welfare, health, productive/reproductive performance and consequently farm income. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) is based on the use of sensors to monitor individual animals in real time, enabling farmers to manage their herds more efficiently and optimise their performance. The integration of sensors and devices used in PLF with the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies (edge computing, cloud computing, and machine learning) creates a network of connected objects that improve the management of individual animals through data-driven decision-making processes. This paper illustrates the main PLF technologies used in the dairy cattle sector, highlighting how the integration of sensors and devices with IoT addresses the challenges of modern dairy cattle farming, leading to improved farm management.