Clinical efficacy of recombinant human interferon α-2b gel combined with LEEP conization in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with comorbid high-risk HPV infection.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of recombinant human interferon α-2b (rHuINF α-2b) gel combined with loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) conization in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with comorbid high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 202 CIN patients with HR-HPV infection who were treated at Wuhan Yaxin General Hospital between July 2021 and February 2024. Among these patients, 106 received treatment with rHuINF α-2b gel combined with LEEP conization (study group), and the other 96 were treated with LEEP conization alone (control group). The two groups were compared in terms of efficacy on CIN, HPV clearance, vaginal bleeding duration, hospital stay and occurrence of adverse reactions. Patient prognosis within six months post-treatment was analyzed, and the risk factors affecting prognosis were analyzed through logistic regression.

Results: The control group experienced notably longer vaginal bleeding duration and hospital stay than the study group (all P<0.0001). The study group showed a notably higher cure rate of CIN than the control group and presented a notably lower rate of persistent or residual CIN than the control group (P=0.0026). Six months after treatment, the total effective HPV clearance rate in the study group was greatly higher than that in the control group (P=0.0010). However, there was no insignificant difference between the two groups in the incidence of adverse reactions (P=0.4807). According to logistic regression analysis, age, grade of CIN, course of disease and treatment regimen were independent risk factors for patient prognosis.

Conclusion: For CIN patients with comorbid high HPV risk infection, rHuINF α-2b gel combined with LEEP conization can effectively treat CIN, clear HPV, and shorten the duration of vaginal bleeding and hospitalization, without increasing adverse reactions. In addition, age, grade of CIN, course of disease and treatment regimen were independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients.