American journal of translational research最新文献

Background: In vivo experiments using mice play a crucial role in advancing biological and translational research due to the similarities between their biological pathways and those of humans. In this study, we utilized silicone vascular perfusion to map the venous distribution in the lower lips of mice and explored the potential for a new blood collection site in mice.

Methods: Silicone perfusion was performed in this study, revealing the venous distribution in the lower lip of mice. Additionally, we identified and refined the venous bridge as an optimal site for blood collection.

Results: This research identified the distribution of veins in the lower lip of mice and discovered a useful, repeatable, and minimally invasive method for blood sampling in small animals.

Conclusions: This unique venous bridge represents a novel and ideal site for blood collection.

Objective: To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), focusing on the effect on cardiac function and quality of life.

Methods: Ninety-eight AF patients treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were included in this study. Of these, 45 patients were assigned to the control group, which only underwent mitral valve replacement surgery, while 53 patients in the observation group that underwent RFA in addition to mitral valve replacement. Comparative analyses were performed between the two groups in terms of left atrial (LA) structure, LA function, segmental LA function, negative emotions, postoperative complications, treatment satisfaction, quality of life, sleep quality, and insomnia rate.

Results: After treatment, the observation group showed significantly greater improvement in the left-right diameter, conduit volume, and LA total emptying fraction (LATEF) compared to the control group. Additionally, the observation group exhibited significantly lower strain (S) values in the middle and basal segments of the posterior wall, as well as in the average strain values for each segment. The S change rate, systolic peak strain rate (SRs), early diastolic peak strain rate (SRe), and late diastolic peak strain rate (SRa) in the middle and basal segments of the posterior wall in the observation group were markedly lower than the average values across all segments (all P<0.05). Furthermore, negative emotions were significantly alleviated and quality of life was markedly enhanced in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (P>0.05). The insomnia rate of the observation group was markedly lower compared with the control group, and the overall patient satisfaction was significantly higher (P<0.05).

Conclusions: RFA significantly improves the left atrial function and reduces compensatory mechanisms in AF patients. It also contributes to the alleviation of negative emotions and enhances quality of life, with a favorable safety profile.

Hemichorea-hemiballismus (HCHB) is a rare hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by unilateral, involuntary, and irregular movements. Although HCHB is the most common poststroke movement disorder, its occurrence as a complication of intravenous thrombolysis is extremely uncommon. While previous studies have demonstrated that intravascular interventions and intravenous thrombolysis can effectively alleviate HCHB symptoms in stroke patients, the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying HCHB induced by reperfusion therapy remain poorly understood. Herein, we report a case of HCHB induced by intravenous thrombolysis in an acute ischemic stroke patient and explore its possible pathophysiologic underpinnings. Through detailed clinical observations, comprehensive neuroimaging analyses, and an extensive literature review, we investigated the relationship between reperfusion therapy and HCHB onset. Our findings suggest that HCHB induced by reperfusion therapy may be associated with increased metabolic activity in the basal ganglia or reperfusion injury following the restoration of cerebral blood flow. This study provides novel insight into this rare complication, raises clinician awareness, and lays the foundation for future research into HCHB's mechanisms and treatment.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of combining Anlotinib (ANB) and programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) inhibitors in treating advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (aNSCLC) patients.

Methods: The study included 400 aNSCLC patients treated at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between January 2021 and June 2024. The control group (192 cases) received PD-1 inhibitor therapy, while the observation group (208 cases) received ANB + PD-1 inhibitor therapy. Comparative analyses were conducted between the two groups regarding clinical effectiveness, safety (nausea and vomiting, hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, decreased appetite, and anemia), coagulation function (thrombin time [TT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], and fibrinogen [FIB]), serum biochemical indices (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and matrix metalloproteinase-2 [MMP-2]); immune function (immunoglobulin G/A/M (IgG/IgA/IgM)), serum tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], carbohydrate antigen 125 [CA125], and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen [CYFRA21-1]), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), and short-term prognosis (Karnofsky Performance Status Scale [KPS]). Binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors affecting clinical effectiveness and short-term prognosis.

Results: The observation group showed significantly higher objective response and disease control rates compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Treatment modality was identified as a risk factor for clinical effectiveness (P < 0.001). Adverse reaction incidence was comparable between the groups (all P > 0.05), except for grade III-IV hand-foot syndrome and decreased appetite. TT showed no significant differences within or between groups (P > 0.05), but APTT and FIB increased significantly after treatment in the observation group, surpassing the control group (all P < 0.05). VEGF and MMP-2 levels decreased significantly after treatment in the observation group, with values lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). IgG, IgA, and IgM levels were markedly higher in the observation group after treatment, with improved PSQI and KPS scores compared to the control group (all P < 0.05). Serum tumor markers (CEA, CA125, CYFRA21-1) also decreased significantly in the observation group (all P < 0.05). VEGF was identified as a risk factor for short-term prognosis (P = 0.047).

Conclusion: The combination of ANB and PD-1 inhibitors demonstrates significant effectiveness in aNSCLC patients, improving coagulation function, serum biochemical indices, immune function, sleep quality, and short-term prognosis without markedly increasing adverse reactions.

Objective: To explore the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) during the perioperative period in patients undergoing transabdominal radical resection of cervical cancer.

Methods: A total of 114 patients who underwent transabdominal radical resection for cervical cancer at the Red Cross Hospital of Yulin City from January 2020 to December 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the perioperative intervention method: the ERAS group (n = 51) received ERAS-based management, while the control group (CG, n = 63) received conventional perioperative management. Key outcomes compared included postoperative recovery time, complication rates, hospital stay duration, T lymphocyte levels, and patient satisfaction.

Results: Postoperative anal exhaust time, first defecation time, ambulation time, and hospital stay were significantly shorter in the ERAS group compared to the CG group (all P < 0.05). The ERAS group also showed earlier catheter removal, faster bladder function recovery, and lower residual urine volume (all P < 0.05). Postoperative serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased in both groups but were significantly lower in the ERAS group (all P < 0.05). The ERAS group demonstrated improved postoperative quality of life (QLQ-C30 scores), reduced Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores, and a significantly lower incidence of postoperative urinary tract infection (7.84% vs. 30.16%, all P < 0.05). Treatment satisfaction was higher in the ERAS group (96.08% vs. 76.19%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion: ERAS effectively promotes gastrointestinal function recovery, reduces hospital stay, accelerates postoperative rehabilitation, and enhances patient satisfaction in cervical cancer patients undergoing transabdominal radical resection. It is safe, economical, and has an efficient approach that supports wider clinical adoption.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of aerobic exercise combined with systematic nursing care on the psychological well-being and pregnancy outcomes of patients with gestational hypertension.

Methods: A study was conducted on 200 patients with gestational hypertension treated from May 2023 to May 2024. Patients were assigned to an observation group (n=110), which received aerobic exercise and systematic nursing care, or a control group (n=90), which received standard care. Both groups were monitored until delivery. Pre- and post-intervention comparisons included scores for negative emotions, blood pressure, pregnancy outcomes, neonatal weight, Apgar scores, delivery methods, and patient satisfaction with nursing care. The systolic-to-diastolic peak (S/D) ratio in umbilical blood flow and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels were analyzed, with ROC analysis used to evaluate their predictive value for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Logistic regression was employed to identify independent risk factors for low Apgar scores in neonates.

Results: Following the intervention, the observation group showed significantly better blood pressure control and greater reductions in negative emotions compared to the control group (both P<0.05). The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was significantly lower, and the rate of vaginal delivery was higher in the observation group (both P<0.05). Patients with adverse outcomes had significantly elevated S/D ratios and serum HSP70 levels (both P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for predicting pregnancy outcomes was 0.733 for the S/D ratio, 0.817 for HSP70, and 0.916 when combined, indicating strong predictive value. Neonates in the observation group had higher birth weights and Apgar scores (both P<0.05). Patient satisfaction with nursing care was also significantly higher in the observation group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Combining aerobic exercise with systematic nursing care is effective in improving psychological health, pregnancy outcomes, quality of life, and patient satisfaction in patients with gestational hypertension.

Objective: To explore the regulatory effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure on apoptosis, oxidative stress, and matrix degradation in condylar chondrocytes and subchondral osteoblasts using in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Methods: Condylar chondrocytes and subchondral osteoblasts were treated with 5 mg/L and 50 mg/L NaF, respectively, and cell viability was detected. Chondrocyte apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. Oxidative stress, inflammatory factor secretion, and cell matrix degradation were detected using specific kits. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of osteoblast phenotype genes. A rat model of fluorosis was established to study the effects of fluoride exposure on condylar cartilage and subchondral bone in vivo.

Results: Low concentration of NaF enhanced the activity of chondrocytes and osteoblasts, but high concentration of NaF inhibited cell activity. Fluoride exposure induced chondrocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and matrix degradation. It also decreased the expression of osteoblast phenotype gene osteoprotegerin (OPG) and increased the expression of osteoclast phenotype gene receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). In fluorosis rats, urinary and bone fluoride levels were increased, cartilage damage was aggravated, and the number of osteoclasts in subchondral bone was increased.

Conclusion: Fluoride exposure induces pathologic changes in condylar cartilage and subchondral bone in rats, possibly by upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and RANKL.

Background: O'Driscoll type II fractures of the ulnar coronoid process present significant challenges in orthopedic surgery, requiring precise techniques for optimal recovery.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of anterolateral approach versus medial approach in treating O'Driscoll type II fractures of the ulnar coronoid process in the elbow.

Methods: This retrospective study involved 226 patients with O'Driscoll type II fractures treated at the Fourth People's Hospital of Hengshui between January 2021 and December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of surgical approach: lateral (n = 121) and medial (n = 105). Exclusion criteria included pathologic fractures, mental disorders, and open fractures. Surgical procedures were standardized for both groups, with the lateral group receiving a curved S-shaped incision and the medial group receiving a 5.0 cm anterior-medial incision. Surgical and recovery outcomes included elbow joint range of motion, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), incidence of postoperative complications, and SF-36 health-related quality of life scores over a six-month follow-up.

Results: Preoperative characteristics were comparable between groups (P > 0.05). The lateral approach significantly improved postoperative elbow flexion and rotation at 1, 3, and 6 months (P < 0.05). Surgical-related indicators favored the lateral approach, which demonstrated reduced incision length, shorter surgery duration, and lower intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.05). No significant differences in VAS scores were noted between groups throughout the follow-up. The lateral group achieved higher MEPS scores at six months postoperative (P < 0.05) and a higher excellent/good rate (P < 0.05). Additionally, the lateral approach resulted in significantly fewer complications (P < 0.05). Short-Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) scores showed no significant difference in quality of life between groups at six months postoperative (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The lateral surgical approach for O'Driscoll type II fractures of the ulnar coronoid process offers superior surgical and functional outcomes. It provides a better range of motion, fewer complications, and improved joint performance scores compared to the medial approach, though both methods yield comparable pain relief and quality of life. Therefore, the lateral approach is recommended to enhance postoperative recovery.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Montelukast Sodium in combination with Erythromycin Cyclocarbonate for the treatment of children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection, as well as their effects on the improvements of lung function, serum stress indicators, and antioxidant capacity indicators.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 188 children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection treated in Dujiangyan Shoujia Hospital from April 2023 to April 2024. The 188 children were divided into the research group (n=94) and the control group (n=94) according the treatment they received, with children in the research group receiving a combination of Erythromycin Cyclocarbonate and Montelukast Sodium tablets, while those in the control group receiving Erythromycin Cyclocarbonate only. The therapeutic efficacy, pulmonary function, symptom alleviation time, serum stress indicator levels, antioxidant capacity indicators, and serum IgA and IgM levels of participants were statistically analyzed and compared between the two groups.

Results: In comparison to the control group, the research group demonstrated better clinical efficacy, shorter time for the clinical symptoms to disappear, significant improvement in pulmonary function indicators, markedly decreased serum stress indicators (P < 0.05), significantly increased serum IgA and IgM levels (P < 0.05), as well as notably improved antioxidant capacity indicators (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Montelukast Sodium in combination with Erythromycin Cyclocarbonate treatment regimen increases the efficacy in treating Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection in children compared to the use of Erythromycin Cyclocarbonate alone. This combination therapy can alleviate clinical symptoms faster, improve pulmonary function, reduce serum stress indicators, reduce the occurrence of adverse events, and enhance immune function in children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection post treatment.