Zhiqiang Zhu, Dongsheng Tang, Lang Qin, Zhenyu Qian, Jie Zhuang, Yu Liu
{"title":"同步大脑网络：时空干扰带来的动态功能连接转移。","authors":"Zhiqiang Zhu, Dongsheng Tang, Lang Qin, Zhenyu Qian, Jie Zhuang, Yu Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1453638","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Temporal interference (TI) stimulation, an innovative non-invasive brain stimulation approach, has the potential to activate neurons in deep brain regions. However, the dynamic mechanisms underlying its neuromodulatory effects are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of TI stimulation on dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in the motor cortex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>40 healthy adults underwent both TI and tDCS in a double-blind, randomized crossover design, with sessions separated by at least 48 h. The total stimulation intensity of TI is 4 mA, with each channel's intensity set at 2 mA and a 20 Hz frequency difference (2 kHz and 2.02 kHz). The tDCS stimulation intensity is 2 mA. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected before, during, and after stimulation. dFC was calculated using the left primary motor cortex (M1) as the region of interest (ROI) and analyzed using a sliding time-window method. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA (group × time) was conducted to evaluate the effects of TI and tDCS on changes in dFC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For CV of dFC, significant main effects of stimulation type (<i>P</i> = 0.004) and time (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were observed. TI showed lower CV of dFC than tDCS in the left postcentral gyrus (<i>P</i> < 0.001). TI-T2 displayed lower CV of dFC than TI-T1 in the left precentral gyrus (<i>P</i> < 0.001). For mean dFC, a significant main effect of time was found (<i>P</i> < 0.001). TI-T2 showed higher mean dFC than tDCS-T2 in the left postcentral gyrus (<i>P</i> = 0.018). Within-group comparisons revealed significant differences between time points in both TI and tDCS groups, primarily in the left precentral and postcentral gyri (all <i>P</i> < 0.001). Results were consistent across different window sizes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>20 Hz TI stimulation altered dFC in the primary motor cortex, leading to a significant decreasing variability and increasing mean connectivity strength in dFC. This outcome indicates that the 20 Hz TI frequency interacted with the motor cortex's natural resonance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1453638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554487/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Syncing the brain's networks: dynamic functional connectivity shifts from temporal interference.\",\"authors\":\"Zhiqiang Zhu, Dongsheng Tang, Lang Qin, Zhenyu Qian, Jie Zhuang, Yu Liu\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1453638\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Temporal interference (TI) stimulation, an innovative non-invasive brain stimulation approach, has the potential to activate neurons in deep brain regions. However, the dynamic mechanisms underlying its neuromodulatory effects are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of TI stimulation on dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in the motor cortex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>40 healthy adults underwent both TI and tDCS in a double-blind, randomized crossover design, with sessions separated by at least 48 h. The total stimulation intensity of TI is 4 mA, with each channel's intensity set at 2 mA and a 20 Hz frequency difference (2 kHz and 2.02 kHz). The tDCS stimulation intensity is 2 mA. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected before, during, and after stimulation. dFC was calculated using the left primary motor cortex (M1) as the region of interest (ROI) and analyzed using a sliding time-window method. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA (group × time) was conducted to evaluate the effects of TI and tDCS on changes in dFC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For CV of dFC, significant main effects of stimulation type (<i>P</i> = 0.004) and time (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were observed. TI showed lower CV of dFC than tDCS in the left postcentral gyrus (<i>P</i> < 0.001). TI-T2 displayed lower CV of dFC than TI-T1 in the left precentral gyrus (<i>P</i> < 0.001). For mean dFC, a significant main effect of time was found (<i>P</i> < 0.001). TI-T2 showed higher mean dFC than tDCS-T2 in the left postcentral gyrus (<i>P</i> = 0.018). Within-group comparisons revealed significant differences between time points in both TI and tDCS groups, primarily in the left precentral and postcentral gyri (all <i>P</i> < 0.001). Results were consistent across different window sizes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>20 Hz TI stimulation altered dFC in the primary motor cortex, leading to a significant decreasing variability and increasing mean connectivity strength in dFC. 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Syncing the brain's networks: dynamic functional connectivity shifts from temporal interference.
Background: Temporal interference (TI) stimulation, an innovative non-invasive brain stimulation approach, has the potential to activate neurons in deep brain regions. However, the dynamic mechanisms underlying its neuromodulatory effects are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of TI stimulation on dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in the motor cortex.
Methods: 40 healthy adults underwent both TI and tDCS in a double-blind, randomized crossover design, with sessions separated by at least 48 h. The total stimulation intensity of TI is 4 mA, with each channel's intensity set at 2 mA and a 20 Hz frequency difference (2 kHz and 2.02 kHz). The tDCS stimulation intensity is 2 mA. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected before, during, and after stimulation. dFC was calculated using the left primary motor cortex (M1) as the region of interest (ROI) and analyzed using a sliding time-window method. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA (group × time) was conducted to evaluate the effects of TI and tDCS on changes in dFC.
Results: For CV of dFC, significant main effects of stimulation type (P = 0.004) and time (P < 0.001) were observed. TI showed lower CV of dFC than tDCS in the left postcentral gyrus (P < 0.001). TI-T2 displayed lower CV of dFC than TI-T1 in the left precentral gyrus (P < 0.001). For mean dFC, a significant main effect of time was found (P < 0.001). TI-T2 showed higher mean dFC than tDCS-T2 in the left postcentral gyrus (P = 0.018). Within-group comparisons revealed significant differences between time points in both TI and tDCS groups, primarily in the left precentral and postcentral gyri (all P < 0.001). Results were consistent across different window sizes.
Conclusion: 20 Hz TI stimulation altered dFC in the primary motor cortex, leading to a significant decreasing variability and increasing mean connectivity strength in dFC. This outcome indicates that the 20 Hz TI frequency interacted with the motor cortex's natural resonance.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience is a first-tier electronic journal devoted to understanding the brain mechanisms supporting cognitive and social behavior in humans, and how these mechanisms might be altered in disease states. The last 25 years have seen an explosive growth in both the methods and the theoretical constructs available to study the human brain. Advances in electrophysiological, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, psychophysical, neuropharmacological and computational approaches have provided key insights into the mechanisms of a broad range of human behaviors in both health and disease. Work in human neuroscience ranges from the cognitive domain, including areas such as memory, attention, language and perception to the social domain, with this last subject addressing topics, such as interpersonal interactions, social discourse and emotional regulation. How these processes unfold during development, mature in adulthood and often decline in aging, and how they are altered in a host of developmental, neurological and psychiatric disorders, has become increasingly amenable to human neuroscience research approaches. Work in human neuroscience has influenced many areas of inquiry ranging from social and cognitive psychology to economics, law and public policy. Accordingly, our journal will provide a forum for human research spanning all areas of human cognitive, social, developmental and translational neuroscience using any research approach.
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